Essentials Of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition By David -Test Bank

Essentials Of Understanding Abnormal Behavior 3rd Edition By David -Test Bank. Your neighbor tells you, “I’m concerned about vaccinating my children. I understand that scientists have proved that childhood vaccines cause autism.” What response to your neighbor is most accurate? a. “Actually, no one has ever studied this thoroughly, so no one really knows.” b. “Not really; well-designed studies have been done, and the research does not support a link between vaccines anc. “Not exactly; it seems that autism is caused by an equation of environmental conditions, with childhood vaccines being variables involved.” d. “You are right; double-blind research has shown that autism is caused by vaccines.” ANS: B REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 3. What conclusion can be reached from research findings that the mass media reports? a. The findings from initial research are typically replicated. b. Newspapers often get the facts wrong. c. Initial findings reported by newspapers often are not replicated. d. Newspapers are the best sources of scientific information. ANS: C REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 4. “I never accept the results of one study as conclusive. Findings must be replicated. I look carefully at the methods used to produce conclusions. Because of my skeptical attitude, you can assume that I am a ____.” a. philosopher c. scientist b. clinician d. newspaper reporter ANS: C REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 5. Emily came to see her advisor about doing a research study for her Ph.D. dissertation. “What are you going to investigate?” he asked. “I believe that drinking orange juice before an IQ test will raise a person’s score,” she said. Emily’s answer constitutes a(n) ____. a. idiographic orientation c. operational definition b. hypothesis d. theory ANS: B REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 6. Which of the following is a hallmark of the scientific method? a. systematic collection of data, controlled observation, and the testing of hypotheses b. maintaining the privacy of researchers’ methods so that ideas are not stolen c. research conducted without restrictions imposed by theories or hypotheses d. rejection of the concept “self-correction” in favor of unique phenomena ANS: A REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 7. Dr. Gonzalez devised a new scale to measure depressive symptoms among Hispanic females. To be sure that his test is actually measuring depressive symptoms, he will have his test group respond to his new instrument and the Beck Depression Inventory, as well as completing a social desirability scale, which should be unrelated to depression. Dr. Gonzalez is ____. a. checking the validity of his measure of depressive symptoms b. checking the reliability of his measure of depressive symptoms c. assessing the honesty of his participants d. pursuing idiographic research ANS: A REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 8. A researcher finds that when people report their sexual activity on a mailed questionnaire, they indicate higher levels of bizarre fantasies than when they are questioned face to face. This indicates that these methods of measuring sexual activity ____. a. have high base rates c. are negatively correlated b. are high in validity d. have low reliability ANS: D REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 9. By definition, reliable measures ____; valid measures ____. a. are manipulated by the experimenter; are not manipulated b. measure what they are supposed to; are consistent c. are consistent; measure what they are supposed to d. are not manipulated by the experimenter; are manipulated ANS: C REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 10. A researcher believes that depressive symptoms will be reduced when family members give attention to competent behavior and express disinterest when depressive behavior is exhibited. In this example, attention is the ____ and depressive symptoms are the ____. a. confounding variable; manipulated variable b. dependent variable; independent variable c. independent variable; dependent variable d. experimental variable; control variable ANS: C REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 11. The best way to test cause-and-effect relationships is with a(n) ____. a. case study c. correlational study b. placebo d. experiment ANS: D REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 12. In an experiment, the ____ is as similar as possible to the experimental group except that it is not exposed to the independent variable. a. control group c. dependent group b. case group d. randomized group ANS: A REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 13. In the Thom et al. (2000) study of the treatment of dental-phobic patients, if participants in the two experimental groups showed reduced anxiety from pretest to posttest, could the researchers conclude that the treatments were effective in reducing anxiety? a. Yes. Reduction in anxiety for the experimental groups would prove the effectiveness of the treatment. b. No. There are many possible reasons why patients would show reduced anxiety, so the only way to know if the cause wawould be to use a control group that did not get a treatment. c. Yes, but only if one of the groups had a greater reduction in anxiety than the other. d. No. To conclude that the treatments were effective, they would need to see if the effects last for many years aftANS: B REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 14. To study the effectiveness of a new anti-anxiety drug, researchers randomly assign equally anxious people to two groups, one getting Drug X and the other getting no drug. The researchers mistakenly conclude that Drug X works because people in the drug group show fewer signs of anxiety than the others. What is the mistake? a. They never introduced an independent variable. b. They did not create a placebo control group. c. They never did a pretest of anxiety symptoms. d. They did not operationally define what the experimental group was. ANS: B REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 15. In a study of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on anxiety, fifty anxious patients are divided into two groups. One group gets cognitive therapy, the other a fake kind of therapy that should have no benefit. However, the patients can tell that the second form of treatment is a fake. The study is weak because ____. a. its placebo condition did not control for expectancy b. it did not include an independent variable c. it confuses experimental designs with correlational designs d. it did not have a placebo condition ANS: A REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 16. Rosie participates in a study assessing the effectiveness of a drug to treat osteoporosis. Throughout the study, neither Rosie nor the person administering the dosage knows whether she was getting the real medication or a placebo. Rosie is participating in a ____. a. blind design study c. field study b. correlational study d. double-blind design study ANS: D REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Apply 17. Instead of manipulating variables, the researcher measures the extent to which changes in one variable are accompanied by changes in a second variable. What type of study is this? a. analogue c. epidemiological b. experimental d. correlational ANS: D REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Understand 18. A researcher believes that the higher a person’s creativity, the greater the person’s likelihood of showing mood swings. Research to test this idea ____. a. could use the correlational method b. would require an experimental design c. could not have a nomothetic orientation d. would require a double-blind design ANS: A REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 19. A researcher studies a group of elderly people and finds that, as a group, the better their memory performance, the lower their anxiety level. What can be said about this research? a. It was a correlational study. b. The results show that memory loss causes anxiety. c. It was an experiment. d. The results show a perfect positive correlation. ANS: A REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 20. What type of study will yield information on levels of school phobia in children are related to levels of social anxiety? a. a double-blind experiment c. epigenetic research b. a genetic linkage study d. a correlational study ANS: D REF: Research Methods Used to Study Mental Disorders OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 21. The 2007 Parents Television Council Study reported that people who watch more than three hours of television a day during the family time slot were much more likely to commit violent acts than people who watched less than one hour of television a day. What can be said about this research? a. It proves that watching television during the evening leads to violence. b. It proves that watching a lot of violence on television leads to committing acts of violence. c. It suggests that there is a relationship between watching violence on television and committing acts of violed. It suggests that there is little, if any, association between watching television and committing acts of violenANS: C REF: The Scientific Method in Clinical Research OBJ: UABB.SUES.17.3.1 Explain the kinds of studies used in the field of abnormal psychology. KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze 22. Which of the following is an example of analogue research? a. studying the effects of alcohol ingestion on pregnant rats in order to obtain further evidence to prevent fetal alcohol synchildren b. studying the effects of RET therapy on a population of depressed individuals c. studying the effects of an art class on a heterogeneous group of school children in order to determine factors that enhd. studying the effects of antipsychotic drugs on people diagnosed with schizophrenia