MED SURG 330 HESI EXAM (1)
A client who has undergone abdominal surgery calls the nurse and reports that she just felt “something
give way” in the abdominal incision. The nurse checks the incision and notes the presence of wound
dehiscence. The nurse immediately:
Contacts the physician Incorrect
Documents the findings
Places the client in a supine position with the legs flat
Covers the abdominal wound with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline solution Correct
Rationale: Wound dehiscence is the disruption of a surgical incision or wound. When dehiscence occurs,
the nurse immediately places the client in a low Fowler’s position or supine with the knees bent and
instructs the client to lie quietly. These actions will minimize protrusion of the underlying tissues. The
nurse then covers the wound with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline. The physician is
notified, and the nurse documents the occurrence and the nursing actions that were implemented in
response.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic word “immediately.”
Visualize this occurrence and recall that the primary concern when wound dehiscence occurs is the
protrusion of underlying tissues. This will direct you to the correct option. Review the nursing actions to
be taken immediately in the event of wound dehiscence if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Perioperative Care
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., pp. 291, 292, 296). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.ID: 383740621
,A client who just returned from the recovery room after a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is restless
and her pulse rate is increased. As the nurse continues the assessment, the client begins to vomit a
copious amount of bright-red blood. The immediate nursing action is to:
Notify the surgeon Correct
Continue the assessment
Check the client’s blood pressure
Obtain a flashlight, gauze, and a curved hemostat
Rationale: Hemorrhage is a potential complication after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. If the client
vomits a large amount of bright-red blood or the pulse rate increases and the patient is restless, the
nurse must notify the surgeon immediately. The nurse should obtain a light, mirror, gauze, curved
hemostat, and waste basin to facilitate examination of the surgical site. The nurse should also gather
additional assessment data, but the surgeon must be contacted immediately.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Noting the words “bright-red blood” will assist
in directing you to the correct option. Remember that the presence of bright-red blood indicates active
bleeding. Review the nursing actions to be taken immediately when bleeding occurs after a
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Delegating/Prioritizing
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., p. 657). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.ID: 383739348
A client who has just undergone surgery suddenly experiences chest pain, dyspnea, and tachypnea. The
nurse suspects that the client has a pulmonary embolism and immediately sets about:
Preparing the client for a perfusion scan
, Attaching the client to a cardiac monitor
Administering oxygen by way of nasal cannula Correct
Ensuring that the intravenous (IV) line is patent
Rationale: Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening emergency. Oxygen is immediately administered
nasally to relieve hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and central cyanosis, and the physician is notified. IV
infusion lines are needed to administer medications or fluids. A perfusion scan, among other tests, may
be performed. The electrocardiogram is monitored for the presence of dysrhythmias. Additionally, a
urinary catheter may be inserted and blood for arterial blood gas determinations drawn. The immediate
priority, however, is the administration of oxygen.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the client’s diagnosis and use the skills of prioritizing. Apply the ABCs
(airway, breathing, and circulation) to find the correct option. Review the nursing actions to be taken
immediately in the event of pulmonary embolism if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Delegating/Prioritizing
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., p. 680). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.ID: 383738703
A nurse is assessing a client who has a closed chest tube drainage system. The nurse notes constant
bubbling in the water seal chamber. What actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply).
Clamping the chest tube
Changing the drainage system
Assessing the system for an external air leak Correct
Reducing the degree of suction being applied
, Documenting assessment findings, actions taken, and client response Correct
Rationale: Constant bubbling in the water seal chamber of a closed chest tube drainage system may
indicate the presence of an air leak. The nurse would assess the chest tube system for the presence of
an external air leak if constant bubbling were noted in this chamber. If an external air leak is not present
and the air leak is a new occurrence, the physician is notified immediately, because an air leak may be
present in the pleural space. Leakage and trapping of air in the pleural space can result in a tension
pneumothorax. Clamping the chest tube is incorrect. Additionally, a chest tube is not clamped unless
this has been specifically prescribed in the agency’s policies and procedures. Changing the drainage
system will not alleviate the problem. Reducing the degree of suction being applied will not affect the
bubbling in the water seal chamber and could be harmful. The nurse would document the assessment
findings and interventions taken in the client’s medical record.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and your knowledge regarding the priority actions
in the care of a closed chest tube drainage system. Focus on the data in the question, noting that there
is bubbling in the water seal chamber. Recalling that this may indicate an air leak will direct you to the
correct options. Review the nursing actions to be taken immediately in the event that complications of a
closed chest tube drainage system occur if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Adult Health/Respiratory
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., pp. 648, 649). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.ID: 383739392
A nurse is helping a client with a closed chest tube drainage system get out of bed and into a chair.
During the transfer, the chest tube is caught on the leg of the chair and dislodged from the insertion site.
The immediate priority on the part of the nurse is:
Contacting the physician
Reinserting the chest tube
A client who has undergone abdominal surgery calls the nurse and reports that she just felt “something
give way” in the abdominal incision. The nurse checks the incision and notes the presence of wound
dehiscence. The nurse immediately:
Contacts the physician Incorrect
Documents the findings
Places the client in a supine position with the legs flat
Covers the abdominal wound with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline solution Correct
Rationale: Wound dehiscence is the disruption of a surgical incision or wound. When dehiscence occurs,
the nurse immediately places the client in a low Fowler’s position or supine with the knees bent and
instructs the client to lie quietly. These actions will minimize protrusion of the underlying tissues. The
nurse then covers the wound with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline. The physician is
notified, and the nurse documents the occurrence and the nursing actions that were implemented in
response.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and note the strategic word “immediately.”
Visualize this occurrence and recall that the primary concern when wound dehiscence occurs is the
protrusion of underlying tissues. This will direct you to the correct option. Review the nursing actions to
be taken immediately in the event of wound dehiscence if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Perioperative Care
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., pp. 291, 292, 296). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.ID: 383740621
,A client who just returned from the recovery room after a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is restless
and her pulse rate is increased. As the nurse continues the assessment, the client begins to vomit a
copious amount of bright-red blood. The immediate nursing action is to:
Notify the surgeon Correct
Continue the assessment
Check the client’s blood pressure
Obtain a flashlight, gauze, and a curved hemostat
Rationale: Hemorrhage is a potential complication after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. If the client
vomits a large amount of bright-red blood or the pulse rate increases and the patient is restless, the
nurse must notify the surgeon immediately. The nurse should obtain a light, mirror, gauze, curved
hemostat, and waste basin to facilitate examination of the surgical site. The nurse should also gather
additional assessment data, but the surgeon must be contacted immediately.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the data in the question. Noting the words “bright-red blood” will assist
in directing you to the correct option. Remember that the presence of bright-red blood indicates active
bleeding. Review the nursing actions to be taken immediately when bleeding occurs after a
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Delegating/Prioritizing
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., p. 657). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.ID: 383739348
A client who has just undergone surgery suddenly experiences chest pain, dyspnea, and tachypnea. The
nurse suspects that the client has a pulmonary embolism and immediately sets about:
Preparing the client for a perfusion scan
, Attaching the client to a cardiac monitor
Administering oxygen by way of nasal cannula Correct
Ensuring that the intravenous (IV) line is patent
Rationale: Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening emergency. Oxygen is immediately administered
nasally to relieve hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and central cyanosis, and the physician is notified. IV
infusion lines are needed to administer medications or fluids. A perfusion scan, among other tests, may
be performed. The electrocardiogram is monitored for the presence of dysrhythmias. Additionally, a
urinary catheter may be inserted and blood for arterial blood gas determinations drawn. The immediate
priority, however, is the administration of oxygen.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the client’s diagnosis and use the skills of prioritizing. Apply the ABCs
(airway, breathing, and circulation) to find the correct option. Review the nursing actions to be taken
immediately in the event of pulmonary embolism if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Delegating/Prioritizing
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., p. 680). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.ID: 383738703
A nurse is assessing a client who has a closed chest tube drainage system. The nurse notes constant
bubbling in the water seal chamber. What actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply).
Clamping the chest tube
Changing the drainage system
Assessing the system for an external air leak Correct
Reducing the degree of suction being applied
, Documenting assessment findings, actions taken, and client response Correct
Rationale: Constant bubbling in the water seal chamber of a closed chest tube drainage system may
indicate the presence of an air leak. The nurse would assess the chest tube system for the presence of
an external air leak if constant bubbling were noted in this chamber. If an external air leak is not present
and the air leak is a new occurrence, the physician is notified immediately, because an air leak may be
present in the pleural space. Leakage and trapping of air in the pleural space can result in a tension
pneumothorax. Clamping the chest tube is incorrect. Additionally, a chest tube is not clamped unless
this has been specifically prescribed in the agency’s policies and procedures. Changing the drainage
system will not alleviate the problem. Reducing the degree of suction being applied will not affect the
bubbling in the water seal chamber and could be harmful. The nurse would document the assessment
findings and interventions taken in the client’s medical record.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and your knowledge regarding the priority actions
in the care of a closed chest tube drainage system. Focus on the data in the question, noting that there
is bubbling in the water seal chamber. Recalling that this may indicate an air leak will direct you to the
correct options. Review the nursing actions to be taken immediately in the event that complications of a
closed chest tube drainage system occur if you had difficulty with this question.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Adult Health/Respiratory
Reference: Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered
collaborative care (6th ed., pp. 648, 649). St. Louis: Saunders.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.ID: 383739392
A nurse is helping a client with a closed chest tube drainage system get out of bed and into a chair.
During the transfer, the chest tube is caught on the leg of the chair and dislodged from the insertion site.
The immediate priority on the part of the nurse is:
Contacting the physician
Reinserting the chest tube
