TEST BANK FOR INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY VISOVSKY

TEST BANK FOR INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY VISOVSKY 1. Which body system works with the renal/urinary system to maintain fluid balance and remove waste products from the body? a. Biliary system b. Cardiovascular system c. Central nervous system d. Gastrointestinal system ANS: B The renal/urinary system works together with the cardiovascular system to maintain adequate circulation to all parts of the body. The interactions between these two systems help maintain fluid balance, delivery of nutrients, and removal of waste products from cells, tissues, and organs. Most drugs that affect one system have an effect on the functioning of the other system. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 126 2. Which category of diuretic drugs exerts its mechanism of action in the collecting duct? a. Loop diuretics b. Thiazide diuretics c. Potassium-sparing diuretics d. Thiazide-like sulfonamidNe UdiRurSetIicNsGTB.COM ANS: C Loop diuretics work in the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle. Thiazide diuretics and thiazide-like diuretics work at the end of the ascending loop of Henle and the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule. Only the potassium-sparing diuretics work at the collecting duct. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 126 3. How do thiazide and thiazide-like diuretic drugs reduce high blood pressure? a. Reducing blood volume and relaxing vascular smooth muscle b. Increasing potassium excretion and slowing heart contractions c. Releasing sodium from cellular storage sites and preventing heart block d. Reducing the thirst response and increasing the amount of urine the bladder can hold ANS: A Blood pressure is maintained by fluid volume in circulation, the force of heart contractions, and the constriction of blood vessels that provide resistance. All diuretics help lower blood pressure by reducing the amount of fluid (volume) in the blood. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics also relax blood vessel smooth muscle, which decrease vascular resistance to blood flow. The reduced volume and decreased resistance result in lower blood pressure. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 126 4. Which precaution is most important for the LPN/VN to teach a patient newly prescribed to take 10 mg of amiloride (Midamor) orally daily? a. “Avoid the use of salt substitutes.” b. “Avoid aspirin and aspirin-containing products.” c. “Eat plenty of bananas and oranges to prevent complications.” d. “Report a decrease in hearing to your healthcare provider immediately. ANS: A Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and patients can develop dangerously high blood potassium levels while taking this drug. They must avoid extra potassium. Salt substitutes contain high levels of potassium and so do bananas and citrus fruits. Amiloride does not interact with aspirin or aspirin-containing drugs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 129