ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Science
Cell
Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all
have membranes (phospholipids).
Cell structure organization: All cells contain DNA, and RNA & can synthesize
proteins. Consists of nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
o Tissues: Cells that are grouped together
o Organs: Tissues that are grouped together
o Systems: Organs that are grouped together
o Organism: A complete individual
Nuclear parts of a cell
o Nucleus: contains chromosomes, & regulates DNA of the cell. Defining
structure of eukaryotic cells (they all have nucleus). Passes genetic traits
between generations. Contains nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, nucleolus,
nuclear pores, chromatin, & ribosomes.
o Chromosomes: thread like rods of DNA. Short deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is
the genetic material that stores information about the plant/animal.
o Chromatin: DNA & Protein makeup chromosomes
o Nucleolus: Proteins, small/round doesn’t have membrane. Protein
synthesis, synthesizes & stores RNA.
o Nuclear envelope: Encloses structures within nucleus. Made of lipids.
o Nuclear pores: Exchange materials between the nucleus * cytoplasm
o Nucleoplasm: Liquid like cytoplasm, within nucleus.
Cell Membranes
Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane): Semipermeable membrane of lipids and
proteins. Made of phospholipid bilayer, hydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing
the external environment, the inner layer facing inside the cell, hydrophobic ends
facing each other.
o Hydrophilic: Water loving, can dissolve water
o Hydrophobic: Hates water, can’t dissolve water
Selective Permeability
, o Selective Permeability with regards to size, charge, and solubility.
Cell structure
o Ribosomes: synthesize proteins from amino acids.
o Golgi apparatus: synthesize materials like proteins that are transported out
of the cell. Near nucleus & consists of layers of membranes.
o Vacuoles: Sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. One large in
plant cells/ Animal cells are small or have numerous.
o Vesicle: Has membrane, & can move materials within the cell.
o Cytoskeleton: Microtubules that shape and support the cell.
o Microtubules: Part of cytoskeleton & help support cell. Made of protein.
o Cytosol: Liquid material within the cell. Mostly water & had floating
materials.
o Cytoplasm: Cytosol & organelles found within the plasma membrane, not
within nucleus!
o Cell membrane: Barrier that keeps materials out of cell. Determines what’s
allowed in and out.
o Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes on the surface, produce & store
proteins
o Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: Helps store lipids & proteins.
o Mitochondrion: Generate ATP, involved in cell growth & death. Contain
their own DNA aside from the one within the nucleus.
Functions: Produce energy, cell signaling, cellular differentiation, cell
cycle & growth regulation. Can also have aerobic respiration.
Animal Cell Structure
o Centrosome: Mitosis & the cell cycle occur here
o Centriole: Cellular division
o Lysosome: Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Help remove
undigested substances.
o Cilia: Appendages that cause a cell to move & can move fluid
o Flagella: Tail like structures that help the cell move. A cell usually only has
one or a few flagella. Longer than cilia.
Cell Cycle: Cell reproduces, growth cell, duplication of genetic material, and cell
division.
Cell Differentiation: Helps determine the cell type for each cell, process is
controlled by genes of each cell (zygote). Following the directions of the genes, a
cell builds certain proteins and other substances to set it apart as a specific type
of cell.
, Mitosis: DNA replication & Production of new cells
IPMAT=Cytokinesis
o Interphase: Cell prepares to divide by replicating genetic & cytoplasmic
material. (G1, S, G2)
o Prophase: Chromatic thickens & nuclear membrane disintegrates. Centrioles
move to opposite sides of the cells, and spindle fibers form. Mitotic spindle,
formed cytoskeleton parts, moves chromosomes around the cell.
o Metaphase: Spindle moves to the center of the cell. Chromosomes align in the
center.
o Anaphase: Sister chromosomes begin to pull apart. When separated they’re
called daughter chromosomes. Grooves appear in the cell. Cell begins to
furrow.
o Telophase: Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reform, and
chromosomes turn into chromatin. In animal cells membrane is pinched, in
plant cell a new cell wall begins to form. Splits into two.
o Cytokinesis: Physical splitting of the cell.
Meiosis: Reproduction of gametes zygote
o Prophase I: Parent cell's nuclear membrane begins to disappear, spindles form
o Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up with homogonous chromosomes. Crossing
over may occur
o Anaphase I: Homogonous chromosomes are separated, so one of each goes to
either side
o Telophase I: Cell separates, cytokinesis occurs
Science
Cell
Cell: basic organizational unit of all living things. One thing in common is they all
have membranes (phospholipids).
Cell structure organization: All cells contain DNA, and RNA & can synthesize
proteins. Consists of nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
o Tissues: Cells that are grouped together
o Organs: Tissues that are grouped together
o Systems: Organs that are grouped together
o Organism: A complete individual
Nuclear parts of a cell
o Nucleus: contains chromosomes, & regulates DNA of the cell. Defining
structure of eukaryotic cells (they all have nucleus). Passes genetic traits
between generations. Contains nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, nucleolus,
nuclear pores, chromatin, & ribosomes.
o Chromosomes: thread like rods of DNA. Short deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA is
the genetic material that stores information about the plant/animal.
o Chromatin: DNA & Protein makeup chromosomes
o Nucleolus: Proteins, small/round doesn’t have membrane. Protein
synthesis, synthesizes & stores RNA.
o Nuclear envelope: Encloses structures within nucleus. Made of lipids.
o Nuclear pores: Exchange materials between the nucleus * cytoplasm
o Nucleoplasm: Liquid like cytoplasm, within nucleus.
Cell Membranes
Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane): Semipermeable membrane of lipids and
proteins. Made of phospholipid bilayer, hydrophilic ends of the outer layer facing
the external environment, the inner layer facing inside the cell, hydrophobic ends
facing each other.
o Hydrophilic: Water loving, can dissolve water
o Hydrophobic: Hates water, can’t dissolve water
Selective Permeability
, o Selective Permeability with regards to size, charge, and solubility.
Cell structure
o Ribosomes: synthesize proteins from amino acids.
o Golgi apparatus: synthesize materials like proteins that are transported out
of the cell. Near nucleus & consists of layers of membranes.
o Vacuoles: Sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. One large in
plant cells/ Animal cells are small or have numerous.
o Vesicle: Has membrane, & can move materials within the cell.
o Cytoskeleton: Microtubules that shape and support the cell.
o Microtubules: Part of cytoskeleton & help support cell. Made of protein.
o Cytosol: Liquid material within the cell. Mostly water & had floating
materials.
o Cytoplasm: Cytosol & organelles found within the plasma membrane, not
within nucleus!
o Cell membrane: Barrier that keeps materials out of cell. Determines what’s
allowed in and out.
o Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes on the surface, produce & store
proteins
o Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: Helps store lipids & proteins.
o Mitochondrion: Generate ATP, involved in cell growth & death. Contain
their own DNA aside from the one within the nucleus.
Functions: Produce energy, cell signaling, cellular differentiation, cell
cycle & growth regulation. Can also have aerobic respiration.
Animal Cell Structure
o Centrosome: Mitosis & the cell cycle occur here
o Centriole: Cellular division
o Lysosome: Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Help remove
undigested substances.
o Cilia: Appendages that cause a cell to move & can move fluid
o Flagella: Tail like structures that help the cell move. A cell usually only has
one or a few flagella. Longer than cilia.
Cell Cycle: Cell reproduces, growth cell, duplication of genetic material, and cell
division.
Cell Differentiation: Helps determine the cell type for each cell, process is
controlled by genes of each cell (zygote). Following the directions of the genes, a
cell builds certain proteins and other substances to set it apart as a specific type
of cell.
, Mitosis: DNA replication & Production of new cells
IPMAT=Cytokinesis
o Interphase: Cell prepares to divide by replicating genetic & cytoplasmic
material. (G1, S, G2)
o Prophase: Chromatic thickens & nuclear membrane disintegrates. Centrioles
move to opposite sides of the cells, and spindle fibers form. Mitotic spindle,
formed cytoskeleton parts, moves chromosomes around the cell.
o Metaphase: Spindle moves to the center of the cell. Chromosomes align in the
center.
o Anaphase: Sister chromosomes begin to pull apart. When separated they’re
called daughter chromosomes. Grooves appear in the cell. Cell begins to
furrow.
o Telophase: Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reform, and
chromosomes turn into chromatin. In animal cells membrane is pinched, in
plant cell a new cell wall begins to form. Splits into two.
o Cytokinesis: Physical splitting of the cell.
Meiosis: Reproduction of gametes zygote
o Prophase I: Parent cell's nuclear membrane begins to disappear, spindles form
o Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up with homogonous chromosomes. Crossing
over may occur
o Anaphase I: Homogonous chromosomes are separated, so one of each goes to
either side
o Telophase I: Cell separates, cytokinesis occurs
