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samenvatting Preventie, veiligheid en toxicologie

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Preventie, veiligheid en toxicologie
Docenten G. Blanckaert en Dr. Celine Gys – UAntwerpen – academiejaar 2021-2022
Opleiding Conservatie en Restauratie
Inhoudsopgave
1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 9

1.1 Studieplanning ........................................................................................................... 9

1.2 Nut van de cursus .................................................................................................... 11

1.3 Opbouw van de cursus ............................................................................................. 11

1.4 Leerdoelen en evaluatievorm .................................................................................. 12

2 Inleiding en wettelijk kader ............................................................................................ 13

2.1 Arbeidswetgeving .................................................................................................... 13

2.1.1 Internationale richtlijnen .................................................................................. 13

2.1.2 Arbeidswetgeving Europese Unie ..................................................................... 14

2.1.3 Arbeidswetgeving België................................................................................... 17

2.1.4 Milieuwetgeving Vlaanderen ............................................................................ 19

2.1.5 Minimum vereisten werkplaats ........................................................................ 20

2.1.6 Etikettering ....................................................................................................... 23

2.1.7 Pictogrammen (klassen).................................................................................... 24

2.2 Vervoer van chemicaliën .......................................................................................... 28

2.3 Afvalverwijdering ..................................................................................................... 29

2.3.1 Risico’s .............................................................................................................. 29

2.3.2 Gevaarlijk vast afval .......................................................................................... 29

2.3.3 Gevaarlijk vloeibaar afval .................................................................................. 30

2.3.4 Kleine labo producten ....................................................................................... 35

3 Arbeidshygiëne ............................................................................................................... 36




Veiligheid, preventie en toxicologie 1

, 3.1 Pictogrammen .......................................................................................................... 37

3.1.1 Verbodstekens .................................................................................................. 37

3.1.2 Gebodstekens ................................................................................................... 37

3.1.3 Waarschuwingsborden ..................................................................................... 38

3.1.4 Reddingsborden ................................................................................................ 39

3.1.5 Brandbestrijdingsborden .................................................................................. 39

3.2 Collectieve beschermingsmiddelen.......................................................................... 40

3.2.1 Ventilatie en afzuiging ...................................................................................... 40

3.2.2 Opslag gevaarlijke chemicaliën ......................................................................... 41

3.2.3 Opslag gashouders onder druk ......................................................................... 42

3.3 Persoonlijke Beschermingsmiddelen (PBM) ............................................................. 43

3.3.1 Maskers ............................................................................................................ 43

3.3.2 Veiligheidsbrillen en schermen ......................................................................... 46

3.3.3 Handschoenen .................................................................................................. 46

3.3.4 Beschermende kledij......................................................................................... 50

3.4 Incidenten en Ongevallen ........................................................................................ 50

3.4.1 Arbeidsongevallen ............................................................................................ 51

3.5 Spill kit...................................................................................................................... 53

3.5.1 Vermiculiet ....................................................................................................... 55

4 Beroepsmatige blootstelling ........................................................................................... 56

4.1 Onderdelen .............................................................................................................. 57

4.1.1 Ademhalingswegen........................................................................................... 57

4.1.2 Bloed ................................................................................................................. 64

4.1.3 Huid .................................................................................................................. 68

4.1.4 Het oog ............................................................................................................. 76

4.2 Dispositie ................................................................................................................. 80


Veiligheid, preventie en toxicologie 2

, 4.2.1 Overgevoeligheidsreacties ................................................................................ 81

4.2.2 Beroepsastma ................................................................................................... 85

4.2.3 Huidziektes ....................................................................................................... 91

4.2.4 Zenuwziekte of neurotoxiciteit ......................................................................... 98

4.2.5 Carcinogeniteit................................................................................................ 100

5 Arbeidsgeneeskunde .................................................................................................... 101

5.1 Beroepsziekte ........................................................................................................ 101

5.1.1 De anamnese .................................................................................................. 102

5.1.2 Gegevens over de werkplaats ......................................................................... 105

5.1.3 Diagnose van een beroepsziekte .................................................................... 109

6 Beroepsmatige blootstelling aan gevaarlijke stoffen .................................................... 111

6.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................. 111

6.2 Blootstellingswegen ............................................................................................... 112

6.2.1 Inhalatie .......................................................................................................... 112

6.2.2 Huidcontact .................................................................................................... 114

6.2.3 Ingestie ........................................................................................................... 114

6.2.4 Types van gemengde blootstelling:................................................................. 115

6.3 Atmosferische monitoring ..................................................................................... 116

6.3.1 Threshold Limit Values (TLV) en grenswaarden .............................................. 116

6.3.2 Classificatie carcinogeniciteit bij ACGIH .......................................................... 123

6.3.3 samenvatting .................................................................................................. 127

6.4 Biomonitoring ........................................................................................................ 129

6.4.1 Betekenis van biomonitoring .......................................................................... 129

6.4.2 Vorming van metabolieten ............................................................................. 130

6.4.3 Onveranderde moleculen ............................................................................... 132

6.4.4 Anorganische moleculen................................................................................. 135


Veiligheid, preventie en toxicologie 3

, 6.4.5 Biomonitoring: staalcollectie .......................................................................... 136

6.5 Biologische effect monitoring: algemeen............................................................... 143

6.5.1 “Biological Effect Monitoring” of BEM ............................................................ 143

6.5.2 Biologisch effect monitoring: carcinogenen.................................................... 144

6.6 Samenvatting 2022 ................................................................................................ 145

7 Materialen en stoffen ................................................................................................... 146

7.1 Anorganische pigmenten ....................................................................................... 146

7.2 Arsenicum (As) ....................................................................................................... 148

7.2.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................... 148

7.2.2 Opname,distributie en metabolisme .............................................................. 149

7.2.3 Types As vergiftigingen ................................................................................... 150

7.2.4 Chronische vergiftiging door grondwater in Bangladesh ................................ 151

7.2.5 Mechanisme ................................................................................................... 152

7.2.6 Samenvatting .................................................................................................. 153

7.3 Cadmium (Cd) ........................................................................................................ 155

7.3.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................... 155

7.3.2 Metabolisme ................................................................................................... 155

7.3.3 Respiratoire toxiciteit ..................................................................................... 156

7.3.4 Nefrotoxiciteit ................................................................................................. 157

7.3.5 Bottoxiciteit .................................................................................................... 158

7.3.6 Andere pathologie .......................................................................................... 159

7.3.7 Case Itai Itai .................................................................................................... 160

7.3.8 Samenvatting cadmium .................................................................................. 161

7.4 Kobalt (Co) ............................................................................................................. 163

7.4.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................... 163

7.4.2 Biodisponibiliteit, distributie en metabolisme ................................................ 164


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