Childhood -
● Daughter of Anne Boleyn and h8
● H8 wanted a male heir so Elizabeth a disappointment
● After her parents divorce she was declared illegitimate, this later changed and she would
return into line of succession
● Not involved in either plot to change the line of succession to Lady Jane Grey or Wyatt’s
rebellion
Character -
● Said to have a short temper like h8
● Received thorough education, particularly loved music and became patron of musicians
when queen
● Studied theology and a moderate protestant
Aims -
● Deliver a religious settlement which would satisfy as many people as possible
● Wanted Church of England to be protestant in doctrine, yet keep aspects of traditional
worship
● Wanted to secure stability in England during time of considerable socio economic
instability
Queen regnant -
● Like Mary, she was a queen regnant
● Many people in England deeply opposed to Elizabeth being ruler
● John Knox pamphlet 1558 attacked authority of women as unnatural
Causes of Elizabeth settlement -
To consolidate her power she had to stabilise England internally
● Reaction to religious divisions in England
● England’s religion had fluctuated during reigns of Tudor monarchs
Act of supremacy-
● Passed 1558
● Reiterated h8’s act of supremacy 1534, by stating church of England independent of
Rome
● Elizabeth made Supreme governor of the church
Act of uniformity -
● Passed 1559
● Established church of England’s religious doctrine
● Act legitimated Book of Common Prayer
● Act very contentious only passing through Parliament by 3 votes
,Book of common prayer -
● Outlines church’s liturgy
● Set out prayers and services
● Book of common prayer was protestant doctrine it contained elements of traditional
worship;
● Clergymen could wear vestments
● Combined language from Edward’s moderate Prayer Book 1549 and his more radical
one 1552
39 articles -
● Published 1563 part of law in 1571
● Stated church of England’s position in relation to catholic church and radical protestants
Evaluation of settlement -
● Trying to find compromise between catholicism and radical protestantism
● Through act of supremacy she was head of church
● Many aspects of religious worship contained traditional rituals of catholic church
● Divisive and many hardline protestants disappointed
Reluctance to marry -
● Debate over whether she wanted to marry at all
● She did but didn’t believe she found a suitable match
● Finding perfect husband complicated -
● If he was foreign he might destabilise England's foreing policy
● If he was English he might disturb the power dynamics in English nobility
● His religious beliefs also very important
Foreign suitors -
● Philip of Spain - union would unite England and Spain against France and Scotland
● Philip’s cousins Ferdinand and Charles courted her, both catholic
● Prince Eric of Sweden, protestant but he had little diplomatic benefit
Suitors -
● Took a long time to reject her suitors
● She may have never intended to marry any of the foreign suitors it served her
diplomatically to have some sort of relationship with them
● Shows her diplomatic genius
English suitors -
● Earl of Arundel = catholic, not considered suitable
● Sir William Pickering = only member of gentry, did not have sufficient diplomatic positon
● Robert Dudley = favourite, already married, considerable influence, Dudley implicated in
conspiracies of murdering his wife, impossible for Elizabeth to marry him
, Smallpox -
● 1562 contracted smallpox
● Illness made everyone fear about line of succession
● She recovered but parliament applied considerable pressure on her to marry
Mary Queen of Scots and Francis II -
● Cousin to Elizabeth
● Mary married Prince Francis of France
● Following death of Francis’ father, Henry 2, Mary and her husband ruled France
● Francis II died 1560 and Mary returned to Scotland
Secure Scottish border -
● Elizabeth and her advisors wanted to make sure the border with Scotland was secure
● Prevent any potential invasion by French and Scottish forces
● 1559 English navy went to Firth of Forth to stop French troops from landing
Scottish Protestant rebellion -
● Under pressure from her advisors Elizabeth supported rebellion in Scotland against Mary
of Guise
● Rebellion led by John Knox and Scottish noblemen called Lords of Congregation
● After successfully seizing power these noblemen formed a parliament and reformed
church of Scotland
● Reduced Scotland’s threat to Elizabeth
Treaty of Edinburgh -
● Signed between England, Scotland, France 1560
● Put an end to the rebellion led by Lords and Congregation
● Ended Auld Alliance between Scotland and France reducing threat of these countries in
England
● Elizabeth secured peace with France by signing Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
● Demonstrates her desire to avoid costly wars and keep peace with England’s neighbours
French wars of rebellion -
● 1562 France thrush into Wars of Religion
● Conflict between Catholics and Huguenots - Protestants
● Internal fighting meant France less of a threat to England
Philip’s ban of English clothing imports -
● Netherlands vital trading partner with England
● 1563 Philip banned English cloth imports to Netherlands
● Damaged England’s economy
● Band mean to protect Netherlands from infection from England
● However it was a reaction against England’s growing power in their trading relationship
● Daughter of Anne Boleyn and h8
● H8 wanted a male heir so Elizabeth a disappointment
● After her parents divorce she was declared illegitimate, this later changed and she would
return into line of succession
● Not involved in either plot to change the line of succession to Lady Jane Grey or Wyatt’s
rebellion
Character -
● Said to have a short temper like h8
● Received thorough education, particularly loved music and became patron of musicians
when queen
● Studied theology and a moderate protestant
Aims -
● Deliver a religious settlement which would satisfy as many people as possible
● Wanted Church of England to be protestant in doctrine, yet keep aspects of traditional
worship
● Wanted to secure stability in England during time of considerable socio economic
instability
Queen regnant -
● Like Mary, she was a queen regnant
● Many people in England deeply opposed to Elizabeth being ruler
● John Knox pamphlet 1558 attacked authority of women as unnatural
Causes of Elizabeth settlement -
To consolidate her power she had to stabilise England internally
● Reaction to religious divisions in England
● England’s religion had fluctuated during reigns of Tudor monarchs
Act of supremacy-
● Passed 1558
● Reiterated h8’s act of supremacy 1534, by stating church of England independent of
Rome
● Elizabeth made Supreme governor of the church
Act of uniformity -
● Passed 1559
● Established church of England’s religious doctrine
● Act legitimated Book of Common Prayer
● Act very contentious only passing through Parliament by 3 votes
,Book of common prayer -
● Outlines church’s liturgy
● Set out prayers and services
● Book of common prayer was protestant doctrine it contained elements of traditional
worship;
● Clergymen could wear vestments
● Combined language from Edward’s moderate Prayer Book 1549 and his more radical
one 1552
39 articles -
● Published 1563 part of law in 1571
● Stated church of England’s position in relation to catholic church and radical protestants
Evaluation of settlement -
● Trying to find compromise between catholicism and radical protestantism
● Through act of supremacy she was head of church
● Many aspects of religious worship contained traditional rituals of catholic church
● Divisive and many hardline protestants disappointed
Reluctance to marry -
● Debate over whether she wanted to marry at all
● She did but didn’t believe she found a suitable match
● Finding perfect husband complicated -
● If he was foreign he might destabilise England's foreing policy
● If he was English he might disturb the power dynamics in English nobility
● His religious beliefs also very important
Foreign suitors -
● Philip of Spain - union would unite England and Spain against France and Scotland
● Philip’s cousins Ferdinand and Charles courted her, both catholic
● Prince Eric of Sweden, protestant but he had little diplomatic benefit
Suitors -
● Took a long time to reject her suitors
● She may have never intended to marry any of the foreign suitors it served her
diplomatically to have some sort of relationship with them
● Shows her diplomatic genius
English suitors -
● Earl of Arundel = catholic, not considered suitable
● Sir William Pickering = only member of gentry, did not have sufficient diplomatic positon
● Robert Dudley = favourite, already married, considerable influence, Dudley implicated in
conspiracies of murdering his wife, impossible for Elizabeth to marry him
, Smallpox -
● 1562 contracted smallpox
● Illness made everyone fear about line of succession
● She recovered but parliament applied considerable pressure on her to marry
Mary Queen of Scots and Francis II -
● Cousin to Elizabeth
● Mary married Prince Francis of France
● Following death of Francis’ father, Henry 2, Mary and her husband ruled France
● Francis II died 1560 and Mary returned to Scotland
Secure Scottish border -
● Elizabeth and her advisors wanted to make sure the border with Scotland was secure
● Prevent any potential invasion by French and Scottish forces
● 1559 English navy went to Firth of Forth to stop French troops from landing
Scottish Protestant rebellion -
● Under pressure from her advisors Elizabeth supported rebellion in Scotland against Mary
of Guise
● Rebellion led by John Knox and Scottish noblemen called Lords of Congregation
● After successfully seizing power these noblemen formed a parliament and reformed
church of Scotland
● Reduced Scotland’s threat to Elizabeth
Treaty of Edinburgh -
● Signed between England, Scotland, France 1560
● Put an end to the rebellion led by Lords and Congregation
● Ended Auld Alliance between Scotland and France reducing threat of these countries in
England
● Elizabeth secured peace with France by signing Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
● Demonstrates her desire to avoid costly wars and keep peace with England’s neighbours
French wars of rebellion -
● 1562 France thrush into Wars of Religion
● Conflict between Catholics and Huguenots - Protestants
● Internal fighting meant France less of a threat to England
Philip’s ban of English clothing imports -
● Netherlands vital trading partner with England
● 1563 Philip banned English cloth imports to Netherlands
● Damaged England’s economy
● Band mean to protect Netherlands from infection from England
● However it was a reaction against England’s growing power in their trading relationship
