Hogeschool Gent
Community based
werken in
Internationaal
verband
2020-2021
,Contents
Vermaatschappelijking: What’s in a name?...................................................................................................................... 5
Vermaatschappelijking is hot ........................................................................................................................................ 5
‘Vermaatschappelijking’: een sociohistorische benadering (Steyaert, 2014) .............................................................. 5
Nieuw begrip? Of historische constante? ..................................................................................................................... 6
Vermaatschappelijking in de huidige beleidscontext ....................................................................................................... 6
Een verhaal in verschillende sectoren .......................................................................................................................... 6
Vermaatschappelijking in de huidige beleidscontext ................................................................................................... 7
Centraal in vermaatschappelijking................................................................................................................................ 7
1. Wat is vermaatschappelijking? ................................................................................................................................. 7
Positieve aspecten ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
Aandachtspunten .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Randvoorwaarden voor vermaatschappelijking ............................................................................................................... 9
Niet OF-OF, maar EN-EN ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Ondersteuning .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Maatschappelijke Context ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Migratie ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Mondialisering / globalisering .................................................................................................................................... 10
Implicaties voor hulpverlening........................................................................................................................................ 12
Over de landsgrenzen ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Binnen de landsgrenzen .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Hulpverleners .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Personen met een migratiehistoriek .......................................................................................................................... 12
Cultuur ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Wat is cultuur? ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Naar transculturele/ cultuursensitieve ondersteuning .................................................................................................. 14
Leefwereldgericht handelen ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Transculturaliteit ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
A) Affectief: sensitiviteit.............................................................................................................................................. 16
B) Gedragsmatig: bekwaamheid ................................................................................................................................. 16
C) Cognitief : bewustzijn ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Beeldvorming over (burgers in) kwetsbare leefsituaties ................................................................................................ 18
Media & sociale media................................................................................................................................................ 19
Stuart Hall ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Burgerschap .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Jaren ‘90 vorige eeuw: ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Burgerrechten ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Gangbare burgerschapsconcepties ? .......................................................................................................................... 20
1
, Basis voor exclusie / marginalisering .......................................................................................................................... 20
Verbijzondering van zorg en afhankelijkheid.............................................................................................................. 21
Diverse samenleving : ‘anders’-zijn / zorgbehoevend zijn.......................................................................................... 21
Strijd om inclusief burgerschap .................................................................................................................................. 21
Pleidooi voor herijking van het burgerschapsconcept................................................................................................ 21
Voorwaarde voor de leefbaarheid van vermaatschappelijking van de zorg .............................................................. 22
Community-building ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Praktijkonderzoek: cocreatie in beeld ............................................................................................................................ 23
Centrale vragen ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Definiëring van de centrale begrippen ........................................................................................................................... 24
Ervaringskennis ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Drie posities van ervaringskennis ............................................................................................................................... 24
Ervaringsdeskundigheid .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Waarom was en is ervaringskennis belangrijk? .............................................................................................................. 25
Historische voedingsbodem ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Drie logica’s ................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Rollen die ervaringsdeskundigen opnemen................................................................................................................ 26
Ervaringsdeskundigen als beeldvormer in “de media” ............................................................................................... 26
Hoe ervaringswerk kwaliteitsvol inzetten vanuit een evenwaardige positie voor ervaringsdeskundigen?................... 27
Een evenwaardige positie ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Concreet .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Besluit.............................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Ervaringswerk = ? ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Mantelzorg in beeld ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Van vroeger… .............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Tot nu… ....................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Begrippen .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Erkende mantelzorger................................................................................................................................................. 29
Naar nieuwe rolverdelingen tussen formele en informele zorg ................................................................................. 29
Bovengebruikelijke vs. gebruikelijke zorg ................................................................................................................... 30
Mantelzorg versus vrijwilligerswerk ........................................................................................................................... 30
Wie verleent welke mantelzorg? ................................................................................................................................ 30
Enkele ‘prototypes’ ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
Zichtbare en onzichtbare mantelzorgtaken ................................................................................................................ 31
Intensiteit van de mantelzorg ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Beleving van mantelzorg ................................................................................................................................................. 32
Elementen in balans.................................................................................................................................................... 32
Stressoren ................................................................................................................................................................... 32
2
, Rollen .......................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Relatie met zorgontvanger ......................................................................................................................................... 33
Omgang met zorgsituatie ‘coping’ .............................................................................................................................. 33
Sociale steun ............................................................................................................................................................... 33
Professionele hulp....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Materiële hulpbronnen ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Signalen overbelasting ................................................................................................................................................ 34
Positieve zorgervaringen............................................................................................................................................. 34
Screenen overbelasting............................................................................................................................................... 34
Samenwerken in de triade (cliënt, mz en prof hulp) ...................................................................................................... 34
Samenwerken met mz vraagt investering: ................................................................................................................. 34
Triadisch werken ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
SOFA-model ................................................................................................................................................................ 35
Vlaams mantelzorgplan: Luik samenwerking ............................................................................................................. 35
Zorg voor mantelzorg: bouwstenen................................................................................................................................ 35
(h)erkennen................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Informeren .................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Signaleren ................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Ondersteunen ............................................................................................................................................................. 37
Verbinden.................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Situering .......................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Het verhaal van Marcel ............................................................................................................................................... 38
De opmars van ‘outreachende werken’...................................................................................................................... 39
Een definitie .................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Een werkwijze ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
Een actieve benadering............................................................................................................................................... 39
Bevorderen van welzijn............................................................................................................................................... 40
Een participatieve basishouding ................................................................................................................................. 40
Maatschappelijke kwetsbaarheid ............................................................................................................................... 42
Niet of ontoereikend bereikt ...................................................................................................................................... 42
In hun leefwereld ........................................................................................................................................................ 42
Erkenning van de daar geldende waarden en normen............................................................................................... 42
Wederzijds afstemming .............................................................................................................................................. 43
Spanningsvelden ............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Context ............................................................................................................................................................................ 44
Vermaatschappelijking volgens de Vlaamse overheid................................................................................................ 44
Wie doet wat en tegen welke prijs? ........................................................................................................................... 44
Impact competenties professionals ................................................................................................................................ 45
3
Community based
werken in
Internationaal
verband
2020-2021
,Contents
Vermaatschappelijking: What’s in a name?...................................................................................................................... 5
Vermaatschappelijking is hot ........................................................................................................................................ 5
‘Vermaatschappelijking’: een sociohistorische benadering (Steyaert, 2014) .............................................................. 5
Nieuw begrip? Of historische constante? ..................................................................................................................... 6
Vermaatschappelijking in de huidige beleidscontext ....................................................................................................... 6
Een verhaal in verschillende sectoren .......................................................................................................................... 6
Vermaatschappelijking in de huidige beleidscontext ................................................................................................... 7
Centraal in vermaatschappelijking................................................................................................................................ 7
1. Wat is vermaatschappelijking? ................................................................................................................................. 7
Positieve aspecten ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
Aandachtspunten .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Randvoorwaarden voor vermaatschappelijking ............................................................................................................... 9
Niet OF-OF, maar EN-EN ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Ondersteuning .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Maatschappelijke Context ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Migratie ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Mondialisering / globalisering .................................................................................................................................... 10
Implicaties voor hulpverlening........................................................................................................................................ 12
Over de landsgrenzen ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Binnen de landsgrenzen .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Hulpverleners .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Personen met een migratiehistoriek .......................................................................................................................... 12
Cultuur ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Wat is cultuur? ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Naar transculturele/ cultuursensitieve ondersteuning .................................................................................................. 14
Leefwereldgericht handelen ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Transculturaliteit ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
A) Affectief: sensitiviteit.............................................................................................................................................. 16
B) Gedragsmatig: bekwaamheid ................................................................................................................................. 16
C) Cognitief : bewustzijn ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Beeldvorming over (burgers in) kwetsbare leefsituaties ................................................................................................ 18
Media & sociale media................................................................................................................................................ 19
Stuart Hall ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Burgerschap .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Jaren ‘90 vorige eeuw: ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Burgerrechten ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Gangbare burgerschapsconcepties ? .......................................................................................................................... 20
1
, Basis voor exclusie / marginalisering .......................................................................................................................... 20
Verbijzondering van zorg en afhankelijkheid.............................................................................................................. 21
Diverse samenleving : ‘anders’-zijn / zorgbehoevend zijn.......................................................................................... 21
Strijd om inclusief burgerschap .................................................................................................................................. 21
Pleidooi voor herijking van het burgerschapsconcept................................................................................................ 21
Voorwaarde voor de leefbaarheid van vermaatschappelijking van de zorg .............................................................. 22
Community-building ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Praktijkonderzoek: cocreatie in beeld ............................................................................................................................ 23
Centrale vragen ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Definiëring van de centrale begrippen ........................................................................................................................... 24
Ervaringskennis ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Drie posities van ervaringskennis ............................................................................................................................... 24
Ervaringsdeskundigheid .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Waarom was en is ervaringskennis belangrijk? .............................................................................................................. 25
Historische voedingsbodem ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Drie logica’s ................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Rollen die ervaringsdeskundigen opnemen................................................................................................................ 26
Ervaringsdeskundigen als beeldvormer in “de media” ............................................................................................... 26
Hoe ervaringswerk kwaliteitsvol inzetten vanuit een evenwaardige positie voor ervaringsdeskundigen?................... 27
Een evenwaardige positie ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Concreet .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Besluit.............................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Ervaringswerk = ? ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Mantelzorg in beeld ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Van vroeger… .............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Tot nu… ....................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Begrippen .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Erkende mantelzorger................................................................................................................................................. 29
Naar nieuwe rolverdelingen tussen formele en informele zorg ................................................................................. 29
Bovengebruikelijke vs. gebruikelijke zorg ................................................................................................................... 30
Mantelzorg versus vrijwilligerswerk ........................................................................................................................... 30
Wie verleent welke mantelzorg? ................................................................................................................................ 30
Enkele ‘prototypes’ ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
Zichtbare en onzichtbare mantelzorgtaken ................................................................................................................ 31
Intensiteit van de mantelzorg ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Beleving van mantelzorg ................................................................................................................................................. 32
Elementen in balans.................................................................................................................................................... 32
Stressoren ................................................................................................................................................................... 32
2
, Rollen .......................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Relatie met zorgontvanger ......................................................................................................................................... 33
Omgang met zorgsituatie ‘coping’ .............................................................................................................................. 33
Sociale steun ............................................................................................................................................................... 33
Professionele hulp....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Materiële hulpbronnen ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Signalen overbelasting ................................................................................................................................................ 34
Positieve zorgervaringen............................................................................................................................................. 34
Screenen overbelasting............................................................................................................................................... 34
Samenwerken in de triade (cliënt, mz en prof hulp) ...................................................................................................... 34
Samenwerken met mz vraagt investering: ................................................................................................................. 34
Triadisch werken ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
SOFA-model ................................................................................................................................................................ 35
Vlaams mantelzorgplan: Luik samenwerking ............................................................................................................. 35
Zorg voor mantelzorg: bouwstenen................................................................................................................................ 35
(h)erkennen................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Informeren .................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Signaleren ................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Ondersteunen ............................................................................................................................................................. 37
Verbinden.................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Situering .......................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Het verhaal van Marcel ............................................................................................................................................... 38
De opmars van ‘outreachende werken’...................................................................................................................... 39
Een definitie .................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Een werkwijze ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
Een actieve benadering............................................................................................................................................... 39
Bevorderen van welzijn............................................................................................................................................... 40
Een participatieve basishouding ................................................................................................................................. 40
Maatschappelijke kwetsbaarheid ............................................................................................................................... 42
Niet of ontoereikend bereikt ...................................................................................................................................... 42
In hun leefwereld ........................................................................................................................................................ 42
Erkenning van de daar geldende waarden en normen............................................................................................... 42
Wederzijds afstemming .............................................................................................................................................. 43
Spanningsvelden ............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Context ............................................................................................................................................................................ 44
Vermaatschappelijking volgens de Vlaamse overheid................................................................................................ 44
Wie doet wat en tegen welke prijs? ........................................................................................................................... 44
Impact competenties professionals ................................................................................................................................ 45
3
