NSG 6020 Cardiovascular Questions And Answers

A 78-year-old retired seamstress comes to the office for a routine check-up. You obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG) because of her history of hypertension. You diagnose a previous myocardial infarction and ask her if she had any symptoms related to this. Which of the following symptoms would be more common in this patient's age group for an AMI? Chest pain Syncope Pain radiating into the left arm Pain radiating into the jaw Correct Ans:- Syncope How should you determine whether a murmur is systolic or diastolic? A. Palpate the carotid pulse. B. Palpate the radial pulse. C. Judge the relative length of systole and diastole by auscultation. D. Correlate the murmur with a bedside heart monitor. Correct Ans:- Palpate the carotid pulse. During a routine physical exam of a 90-year-old woman, a low-pitched diastolic murmur Grade II/VI is auscultated. It is located on the fifth intercostal space on the left side of the midclavicular line. Which of the following is the correct diagnosis? A. Aortic regurgitation B. Mitral stenosis C. Mitral regurgitation D. Tricuspid regurgitation Correct Ans:- Mitral stenosis Mrs. Adams would like to begin an exercise program and was told to exercise as intensely as necessary to obtain a heart rate of 60% or greater of her maximum heart rate. She is fifty-two years old. What heart rate should she achieve? A. 80 B. 100 C. 120 D. 140 Correct Ans:- 100 You examine a 24-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Her physical examination findings may also include: A. pectus excavatum. B. obesity. C. petite stature. D. hyperextensible joints. Correct Ans:- pectus excavatum In performing a cardiac examination in a person with MVP, you expect to find: . A. an early to mid systolic, crescendo-decrescendo murmur. B. a pansystolic murmur. C. a low-pitched, diastolic rumble. D. a mid to late systolic murmur. Correct Ans:- a mid to late systolic murmur. Additional findings in MVP include: a. Opening snap B. mid-systolic click C. a paradoxical splitting of the second heart sound (S2). D. a fourth heart sound (S4). Correct Ans:- mid-systolic click what is S1? Correct Ans:- mitral and tricuspid valve closure What is S2? Correct Ans:- Aortic and pulmonic valve closure In evaluating the person with aortic stenosis, the NP anticipates finding 12-lead ECG changes consistent with: A. right bundle branch block. B. extreme axis deviation. C. right atrial enlargement. D. left ventricular hypertrophy. Correct Ans:- left ventricular hypertrophy. Of the following patients, who is in greatest need of endocarditis prophylaxis when planning dental work? A. a 22-year-old woman with MVP with trace mitral regurgitation noted on echocardiogram B. a 54-year-old woman with a prosthetic aortic valve C. a 66-year-old man with cardiomyopathy D. a 58-year-old woman who had a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft with drug-eluting stents 1 year ago Correct Ans:- a 54-year-old woman with a prosthetic aortic valve Of the following people, who has no significant increased risk for developing bacterial endocarditis? A. a 43-year-old woman with a bicuspid aortic valve B. a 55-year-old man who was diagnosed with a Still's murmur during childhood C. a 45-year-old woman with a history of endocarditis D. a 75-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy Correct Ans:- a 55-year-old man who was diagnosed with a Still's murmur during childhood You are examining an elderly woman and find a grade 3/6 crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur with radiation to the neck. This is most likely caused by: A. aortic stenosis B. aortic regurgitation. C. anemia.