IBCLC Exam Bank (2022) Questions And Answers

1. When does the breast begin to develop in utero?: 4th week of gestation 2. Where does the primitive milk streak develop: Bilaterally from the axilla to the groin 3. By the 5th week gestation the milk streak becomes what?: Mammary Milk Ridge (or milk line) 4. Thickening and inward growth into the chest wall continues during what weeks gestation?: 7-8 weeks gestation 5. Between weeks 12 and 16 gestation specialized cells differentiate into what?: Smooth muscles of the nipple and areola 6. What forms the mammary pit?: Lactiferous ducts and their branches open into a shallow epithelial depression 7. What creates an inverted nipple?: When the Mammary pit fails to elevate 8. What is witches milk?: After birth, a neonate's mammary tissue (under the influence of maternal hormones) might recreate colostral like fluid 9. At what age do the primary and secondary ducts grow and divide and form the terminal end buds that become the alveoli?: 10-12 years old 10. When does complete development of mammary function occur?: During pregnancy 11. What is superficial fiscia?: Fibrous tissue beneath the skin 12. Where is the breast located?: In the superficial fascia between the second rib and sixth intercostal space 13. What are the two major divisions of the breast?: Parenchyma and Stroma 14. What makes up the Parenchyma?: Ducts, lobes, and aveoli 15. What are alveoli?: Small sacs where milk is secreted 16. What makes up the Stroma?: Connective tissue, fat tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. 17. What is Cooper's Ligament?: Suspensory ligament that are the fibrous con- nections between the inner side of the breast skin and pectoral muscles. Help to shape the breasts 18. What does the nipple contain?: 15-25 milk ducts, smooth muscle fibers, sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands, and dense innervations of sensory nerve endings 19. What are Montgomery Tubercles?: Sebaceous glands in the areola sur- rounding the nipple 20. What do the Montgomery Tubercles secrete?: Oily secretions (lipoid fluid) to keep the areola and the nipple lubricated and protected 21. What artery(s) supply blood to the breast?: Internal mammary artery (60%) and lateral thoracic artery (30%) 22. Where does the lymphatic system of the breast drain excess fluids from tissue space, bacteria and cast off cells?: Auxiliary lymph node 23. Where does the nerves of the breast mainly branch from?: 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal nerve 24. What nerve supplies the greatest amount of sensation to the areola?: 4th intercostal nerve 25. What part of the breast is most sensitive?: The areola followed by the general skin of the breast, and then the nipple which is least sensitive. 26. What percent of breast milk is carbohydrates?: Approximately 7% 27. What are the six infant behavioral "states": Crying, active alert, quiet alert, drowsy, active sleep, and quiet sleep 28. Milk components that protect the infant/lactating breast actively bind , preventing their passage through the permeable infant - : pathogens gut mucosa 29. How does the infant get the antibodies produced by mom?: antibodies are produced in moms blood, targeted SIgA which is transported across the mammary secretory cells and released in the milk. 30. What is sIgA?: Immunoglobulin A is an antibody that coats mucosal surfaces to prevent adherence and penetration by pathogens 31. What are the most common food allergies?: 1. Cow's milk protein 2. Eggs 3. Peanuts 4. Tree nuts 5. Fish 6. Shellfish 7. Soy 8. Wheat