Marian University - NSG 331 Med-Surg Final Exam Review _ A+ guide Latest Spring 2020/2021(2022 update)

NSG 331 Med-Surg Final Exam Review 2019/2020 – Marian University MED-SURG FINAL EXAM REVIEW TOPICS CHAPTER 13 Dermatitis (p. 200) 1. Allergic contact dermatitis 2. Irritant dermatitis 3. Nummular eczema 4. Seborrheic dermatitis 5. Stasis dermatitis 6. Atopic dermatitis • Usually called eczema • Common, chronic, relapsing • Often begins in childhood • Familial hay fever, asthma, etc. • Manifestations Pruritus –major manifestation Dry skin Acute onset with red, oozing, crusting rash Intense scratching leads to lesions, infection and scarring • Treatment Hydrate the skin (soaks with colloidal oatmeal) Moisturize the skin Remove allergens Reduce inflammation Treat infection 7. Nursing Management of Dermatologic Problems • Wet Dressings – damaged, oozing skin – remove crust and scabs – tap water at room temp/vinegar Relieve itching Suppress inflammation Debride the wound • Baths – large areas of the body – colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno) • Topical Medications – Table 23-12 – occlude with plastic wrap to increase absorption • Control Pruritus – break the itch-scratch cycle to prevent excoriation and lichenification Lichenification – thickening of the epidermis with exaggerated markings resembling a washboard o Caused by chronic itching / rubbing of the skin • Prevention of Spread – gloves and adamant hand washing • Prevention of Secondary Infections – particularly to existing skin lesions • Specific skin care – educate patient on skin care after dermatologic procedures and hygiene Wounds kept moist and covered heal more rapidly, leave scab/crust undisturbed CHAPTER 16 Dehydration Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD): Hypovolemia • Causes: decr intake, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, NG loss, hemorrhage, 3rd spacing, incr insensible loss, diab insipid • S&S: dry, pale cold clammy skin, wt loss, decreased turgor and cap refill, tachycardia, postural hypotension, high HCT level, low U/O, low grade temp, altered mental status, seizures, coma, restlessness, drowsiness • Treatment: underlying cause, oral/IV fluids (0.9% NS), blood (if d/t hemorrhage), rest, nutrition • Nursing measures: VS, I&O, postural hypotension (safety)