Inhoud
Data Analytics.........................................................................................................................................2
Topic 1 – Introduction to Data Analytics.............................................................................................2
Topic 2 – Database Concepts and Data Modelling..............................................................................5
Topic 3 – Data Retrieval and Mining...................................................................................................7
Topic 4 – Text Mining.......................................................................................................................11
Topic 5 – Process Mining..................................................................................................................13
1
,Data Analytics
Topic 1 – Introduction to Data Analytics
What is meant with a model?
A simplified representation of reality.
What are the benefits of models?
- Manipulating a model is much easier than manipulating a real system;
- Simulation is easier and does not interfere with the organization’s daily operations;
- Compression of time, years of operations can be simulated in minutes or seconds;
- The cost is much lower than experiments conducted on a real system;
- The consequences of making mistakes are less severe;
- Mathematical models enable the analysis of a very large number of possible solutions;
- Models enhance and reinforce learning and training;
- Models and solution methods are readily available.
What is a System?
A set of two or more interrelated components interacting to achieve a goal (ex. Solar system, school
system).
What are the characteristics of a System?
- Has a boundary;
- Has inputs and outputs;
- Interacts with its environment;
- Is governed by processes, rules and procedures.
What is the difference between data and information?
Data are facts that are collected, recorded, stored and processed. Information is processed data used
in decision making.
What is meant with Decision Support Systems (DSS)?
Interactive computer-based systems which help decision makes utilize data and models to solve
unstructured problems.
What is the objective of Business Intelligence (BI)?
To enable easy access to data (and models) and business managers to analyze it.
What are the four components of a Business Intelligence System?
- A data warehouse with its source data;
- Business analytics (a collection of tools for manipulating, mining, and analyzing the data);
- Business performance management (BPM) capabilities for monitoring and analyzing
performance;
- A use interface (ex. dashboard).
2
, What are the differences between Decision Support Systems and Business Intelligence Tools?
What is meant with OLTP (online transaction processing)?
Term used for transaction processing systems such as ERP, CRM, POS, etc. for capturing and
storing data. Used to process routine operational business tasks.
What does OLTP (online transaction processing) focus on?
Processing and recording data in operational data base systems.
What is meant with OLAP (online analytical processing)?
Converting data into information for decision support.
What does OLAP (online analytical processing) focus on?
Analyzing data stored in a data warehouse.
What is the difference in purpose between OLTP and OLAP?
OLTP is used to carry out day-to day business functions while OLAP is used to support decision
making and providing answers to business and management queries.
What is the difference in data source between OLTP and OLAP?
OLTP uses transaction databases (a normalized data repository primarily focused on efficiency
and consistency) while OLAP uses data warehouses (a non-normalized data repository primarily
focused on accuracy and completeness).
What is the difference in the reporting and speed of OLTP and OLAP?
OLTP is fast, routine, periodic and narrowly focused reports, while OLAP is slow, ad hoc, broadly
focused reports.
What is meant with Slice (OLAP operation)?
Taking a subset of a multidimensional array.
What is meant with Dice (OLAP operation)?
Taking a slice on more than two dimensions.
3
Data Analytics.........................................................................................................................................2
Topic 1 – Introduction to Data Analytics.............................................................................................2
Topic 2 – Database Concepts and Data Modelling..............................................................................5
Topic 3 – Data Retrieval and Mining...................................................................................................7
Topic 4 – Text Mining.......................................................................................................................11
Topic 5 – Process Mining..................................................................................................................13
1
,Data Analytics
Topic 1 – Introduction to Data Analytics
What is meant with a model?
A simplified representation of reality.
What are the benefits of models?
- Manipulating a model is much easier than manipulating a real system;
- Simulation is easier and does not interfere with the organization’s daily operations;
- Compression of time, years of operations can be simulated in minutes or seconds;
- The cost is much lower than experiments conducted on a real system;
- The consequences of making mistakes are less severe;
- Mathematical models enable the analysis of a very large number of possible solutions;
- Models enhance and reinforce learning and training;
- Models and solution methods are readily available.
What is a System?
A set of two or more interrelated components interacting to achieve a goal (ex. Solar system, school
system).
What are the characteristics of a System?
- Has a boundary;
- Has inputs and outputs;
- Interacts with its environment;
- Is governed by processes, rules and procedures.
What is the difference between data and information?
Data are facts that are collected, recorded, stored and processed. Information is processed data used
in decision making.
What is meant with Decision Support Systems (DSS)?
Interactive computer-based systems which help decision makes utilize data and models to solve
unstructured problems.
What is the objective of Business Intelligence (BI)?
To enable easy access to data (and models) and business managers to analyze it.
What are the four components of a Business Intelligence System?
- A data warehouse with its source data;
- Business analytics (a collection of tools for manipulating, mining, and analyzing the data);
- Business performance management (BPM) capabilities for monitoring and analyzing
performance;
- A use interface (ex. dashboard).
2
, What are the differences between Decision Support Systems and Business Intelligence Tools?
What is meant with OLTP (online transaction processing)?
Term used for transaction processing systems such as ERP, CRM, POS, etc. for capturing and
storing data. Used to process routine operational business tasks.
What does OLTP (online transaction processing) focus on?
Processing and recording data in operational data base systems.
What is meant with OLAP (online analytical processing)?
Converting data into information for decision support.
What does OLAP (online analytical processing) focus on?
Analyzing data stored in a data warehouse.
What is the difference in purpose between OLTP and OLAP?
OLTP is used to carry out day-to day business functions while OLAP is used to support decision
making and providing answers to business and management queries.
What is the difference in data source between OLTP and OLAP?
OLTP uses transaction databases (a normalized data repository primarily focused on efficiency
and consistency) while OLAP uses data warehouses (a non-normalized data repository primarily
focused on accuracy and completeness).
What is the difference in the reporting and speed of OLTP and OLAP?
OLTP is fast, routine, periodic and narrowly focused reports, while OLAP is slow, ad hoc, broadly
focused reports.
What is meant with Slice (OLAP operation)?
Taking a subset of a multidimensional array.
What is meant with Dice (OLAP operation)?
Taking a slice on more than two dimensions.
3
