2.1 Structure of RNA
and DNA
,Nucleotide structure
• 3 main components:
• Pentose sugar
• Phosphate group
• Organic bases (A, C, T, G, U)
• They form during condensation reactions
• Nucleotides join into dinucleotides via condensation also, making a
phosphodiester bond between a phosphate and a pentose sugar
• These are linked into polynucleotide chains e.g. RNA and DNA
, RNA structure
• Single polynucleotide chain [short]
• Sugar is ribose
• Bases are adenine & uracil, and cytosine &
guanine
• 3 types:
• 1 transfers genetic info from DNA to
ribosomes
• 2 makes up ribosomes along with proteins
• 3 is in protein synthesis
and DNA
,Nucleotide structure
• 3 main components:
• Pentose sugar
• Phosphate group
• Organic bases (A, C, T, G, U)
• They form during condensation reactions
• Nucleotides join into dinucleotides via condensation also, making a
phosphodiester bond between a phosphate and a pentose sugar
• These are linked into polynucleotide chains e.g. RNA and DNA
, RNA structure
• Single polynucleotide chain [short]
• Sugar is ribose
• Bases are adenine & uracil, and cytosine &
guanine
• 3 types:
• 1 transfers genetic info from DNA to
ribosomes
• 2 makes up ribosomes along with proteins
• 3 is in protein synthesis
