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hoorcollege aantekeningen Medische biologie

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Collegedictaat van 7 pagina's voor het vak Medische biologie aan de HSL (Diabetes mellitus)

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May 20, 2022
Number of pages
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Written in
2021/2022
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Hoorcollege 4.5: diabetes mellitus

De pancreas
Afgifte van klierproducten
Spijsverteringskanaal milieu exterieur

Exocriene functie  uitscheiding naar buiten het lichaam

Endocriene functie  uitscheiding binnenin het lichaam
Slechts 1% van alle pancreascellen
Eilandjes van Langerhans:
o Bètacellen = insuline (verlaagt suiker in het bloed)
o Alfacellen = glucagon (verhoogt suiker in het bloed)

Bloedsuikerspiegel
Bloedsuiker;
- Voor neuronen essentieel


Glucosespiegel
Te hoog  insuline
Glucosetransport omhoog
Glucosegebruik omhoog
Glucose wordt glycogeen
Eiwitsynthese omhoog
Vet synthese omhoog

Te laag  glucagon
Glycogeen wordt glucose
Vetten worden vetzuren
Glucose vanuit lever omhoog




Diabetes symptomen
- Polyurie (veel plassen)
- Polydipsie (veel drinken)
- Polyfagie (extreem verhoogde eetlust)
- Moeheid
- Malaise (niet fit voelen)
- Gewichtsverlies
- Verhoogde infectiegevoeligheid
- Visusklachten
- Amenorroe/impotentie

, Diagnostiek
Bloedglucose
Random > 11 mmol/L
Nuchter > 7 mmol/L

Aanvullend onderzoek (internist)
- Glucose
- HbA1c; eiwit waar glucosemoleculen aan vast blijven zitten
Normaal 20-42 mmol/mol
- Antistoffen


Diabetes mellitus type 1
Oorzaak:
Pancreas maakt geen insuline meer (auto-immuunziekte; reactie tegen bètacellen)

Risicofactoren:
- Genetische aanleg
- Trigger immuunsysteem  virus
- Virussen, gluten, eieren, darmflora, te schoon leven, keizersnede, vitamine D
- Andere auto-immuunziekten

Prevalentie:
3:1000

Behandeling:
- Insuline
- Diabeteseducatie; insuline, voeding, bewegen, bijzondere omstandigheden

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