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Hoorcollege aantekeningen Medische biologie

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Aantekeningen van het hoorcollege over voeding en het spijsverteringsstelsel

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May 20, 2022
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Hoorcollege 3.1 voeding en spijsvertering

Mondholte  Huig, tong, gebit

 Speekselklieren:
 1-1,5 L speeksel per dag
 Enzymen  vertering
 Antistoffen, lysozymen  ziektekiemen doden



Slikken  ong. 9 sec.

1. Bolus (water) tegen harde gehemelte, tong trekt terug, bolus wordt pharynx (keelholte)
ingeduwd, zachte gehemelte omhoog.
2. Strottenhoofd komt omhoog, epiglottis (strottenklepje) sluit glottis (stemspleet).  Niet
verslikken.
3. Bolus komt oesophagus (slokdarm) binnen, peristaltische concentraties, onderste kringspier
laat bolus door.
4. Bolus komt maag binnen. Onderste oesophagus sfincter sluit.




Braken (emesis)  Chemische (voedselvergiftiging) of mechanische irritatie (vinger in de keel)

 Zachte gehemelte, pharynx, oesophagus, maag en begin dunne darm zijn gevoelig.
 Braakcentrum verlengde merg.
1. Meer klierproductie – slijm. Doel spijsverteringkanaal beschermen.
2. Pylorissfincter (klierspier tussen twaalfvingerige darm en maag) ontspant
3. Peristaltische golven en krachtige uitademing (hogere druk)
4. Inhoud duodenum en begin jejunum naar maag gestuwd.
5. Maaginhoud wordt naar buiten gestuwd
6. Toegang naar de neusholte geblokkeerd.



Slokdarm – Oesophagus

 Gespierd  glad spierweefsel
 Meerlagig plaveiselepitheel weefsel  bescherming

,  Bovenste oesophagus sfincter (kringspier)  keelholte kringspier
 Onderste oesophagus sfincter (kringspier)  ook wel gastro-oesofageale sfincter genoemd)




Maag – ventriculus – gaster

 Tijdelijke opslag
 Kneding
 Chemische afbraak  vertering
 Productie van intristic factor  stof om b12 opnemen
 Maagwand geplooid
 Maagportier  voedsel langzaam naar twaalfvingerige
darm

Sterke musculatuur

1. Longitudinale laag
2. Circulaire laag
3. Schuine laag



Peritonium  buikvlies

 Visceraal peritonium  Bekleed organen
 Pariëtaal peritoneum  bekleed buikholte
 Mesenteria  dubbele laag van visceraal peritonium om de darmen heen.
 Omentum minus  vlak bovenop de darmen
 Mentum majus



Dunne darm

 Belangrijkste voor resorptie van voedingsstoffen
 Ongeveer 6 meter
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum (langste stuk)
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