TEST BANK FOR NURSING TODAY TRANSITION AND TRENDS 9TH EDITION BY ZERWEKH All chapters

TEST BANK FOR NURSING TODAY TRANSITION AND TRENDS 9TH EDITION BY ZERWEKH All chapters/ Chapter 06: Historical Perspectives: Influences on the Present . . MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which statement indicates the nurse understands the Latin origin of . nurse? a. “The Latin word for nurse is carena, meaning ‘caring.’” b. “The Latin word for nurse is nimphe, meaning ‘nurture.’” c. “The Latin word for nurse is succurus, meaning ‘relief.’”. d. “The Latin word for nurse is nutricius, meaning ‘nourishing.’” ANS: D The word nurse is derived from the Latin word nutricius, meaning “nourishing.” It was said in . Roman mythology that the goddess Fortuna, who was considered the goddess of an individual’s fate, was Jupiter’s nurse. Carena is the Latin word for “caring,” nimphe means to “nurture,” and succurus means “relief.” . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 125 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable . 2. The nursing student has an adequate grasp of nursing history when stating that after the fall of the Roman Empire, the knowledge of health practice was primarily preserved by a. English monks in cloistered buildings. . b. Jewish physicians who could translate into Latin. c. Roman priests who practiced medicine. d. Fortuna, who practiced midwifery. . ANS: B Any medical and health care knowledge that survived the dark period of history was preserved primarily by the Jewish physicians who translated the Greek and Roman works. . English monks, Roman priests, and Fortuna did not assist in the preservation of health practice knowledge after the fall of the Roman Empire. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering . REF: p. 125 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 3. Which of the following is true of early Christian deaconesses and how they became . responsible for caring for poor and ill people? a.b. The deacons relinquished this work to women (specifically, widows and virgins).The early church valued women. . c. No one else would care for poor and ill people. d. The deaconesses had formal training to do the work. ANS: A . Originally, the deacons of the early Christian church cared for poor and ill people, but they turned these duties over to widows and virgins, who were considered to be pure of heart. The early church did not value women. Formal training did not occur until much later in history. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 125 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable . 4. What was the description of a nurse in the medieval times during the Holy Wars? a. A woman who had been specially trained by a magician b. A man who was committed to following his Lord into battle c. A man who had training to care for a wounded knight . d. A woman who had studied with an older nurse ANS: C During the Holy Wars, men were trained in the healing arts to care for knights during battle. . These male nurses wore a red cross on their clothes for identification. During this time, women were not trained as nurses. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 126 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable . 5. What was an important outcome of national events in the 21st century? a. Nurses became more respected as experts in health care. b. Disaster management and emergency preparedness emerged. c. Pay for nurses increased to a sum equitable to education.. d. The HIV/AIDS epidemic impacted hospital nursing care. ANS: B Due to several natural disasters and the World Trade Center attacks of September 11, . emergency preparedness and disaster management have become important focus points for nursing. Nurses continue to gain more respect and pay increases continue. The HIV/AIDS epidemic had more impact in the 20th century. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 133 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable. 6. Which statement by the nurse shows understanding of Florence Nightingale’s status as a legend in nursing? . a. “Her work in improving the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in b. Distressed Circumstances”“The evaluations and recommendations she made to improve conditions in the hospitals in England” . c. “Her ability to implement actions that significantly decreased mortality rates in the Crimean War” d. “Her work as an administrator for a women’s hospital and reporting conditions to . the government” ANS: C Nightingale’s contribution to the development of hospital reform and her nursing actions that . significantly lowered battlefield mortality rates during the Crimean War established her as a legend in nursing. She worked as an administrator for the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances before the Crimean War, which provided her the experience to take to the battlefield. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: pp. 129-130 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable. 7. Which statement by a nursing professor is true regarding Florence Nightingale’s contribution to American nursing? a. “Her primary influence was organizing hospital administration and nursing.”. b. “Her primary influence was providing a model for giving care during wartime.” c. “Her primary influence was organizing patient care in hospital settings.” d. “Her primary influence was developing an educational model for training nurses.” . ANS: D Although she was influential in many aspects of hospital administration, ministering to the sick, and early research methods to improve patient care, Nightingale’s great success . prompted her to begin developing schools of nursing in both Europe and the United States based on her knowledge of what constituted effective nursing. The goals of her programs included training hospital nurses, training nurses to train others, and training nurses to work in the district with the sick poor. Her primary influence was not organizing hospital . administration and nursing, providing care models, or organizing patient care. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering . REF: p. 130 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 8. A group of nursing students is discussing the traits of Victorian wives that crossed over to . nurses. Which traits would they conclude had an early effect on the nursing profession? a. Submission, harmony, and hard work b. Power, peace, and position c. Paternalism, compliance, and dullness . d. Organized, noble, and good ANS: A The Victorian wife was expected to “be good.” She was esteemed by her husband but had . limited power within the confines of the home and society. She was expected to be hard working and able to maintain harmony while at the same time being submissive to the demands of her husband. Generally, this fostered dependence on the dominant male . figure—the Victorian husband. Nurses generally were women who wanted to avoid the drudgery of a Victorian marriage. They were required to be single to make a complete commitment to their vocation. Schooled in submission, women were expected to be equally accommodating within the hospital organization. A good nurse worked for harmony within . the hospital. She was expected to be hard working and submissive. The doctor and the hospital administrator were frequently the same person, usually a man who expected position and power to go hand in hand. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 132 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing definition MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable. 9. Nurses made many contributions to the care of Civil War soldiers. A nurse who understood this would state which of the following? . a. “Nurses established a safe haven for soldiers from the battlefield.” b. “Nurses provided a clean environment with food and water.” c. “Nurses began medication administration on the battlefield.” d. “Nurses organized the men to care for other injured soldiers.”. ANS: B During the Civil War, nurses began to see the benefit of prevention, nutrition, and clean environments for the injured soldiers. Their patients were nursed in a clean environment and . were provided with adequate nutrition. Although the other options were important to patients’ well-being, the nurses noticed that patients greatly improved with cleanliness, nutrition, and a clean water supply. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 131 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. TOP: Nursing definition MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable . 10. The student nurse interprets teaching as a critical role for nurses because a. health care is a complex system that requires patient education. b. not everyone has access to information about health care.. c. the less fortunate have greater difficulty understanding treatment choices. d. understanding choices allows the patient to make informed decisions. ANS: D . Teaching patients about their therapy, condition, or choices is critical to the successful outcome of some prescribed treatments. Teaching does not guarantee access to health care information. Knowledge can enhance compliance with medications and can encourage healthy . lifestyles and behaviors. Teaching becomes especially important when patients have to make treatment choices and decisions about their care. With the volumes of information available regarding health care, it is even more important that nurses help patients understand what they need to know to make wise decisions. The less fortunate do not necessarily have greater . difficulty understanding treatment choices but often have difficulty in accessing health care. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding . REF: p. 138 TOP: Nursing definition MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 11. Many groups throughout the history of nursing have contributed to the profession. The student nurse recognizes which group as having promoted the development of the concept of . colleagues in nursing? a. Nurse managers b. Public health nurses c. Nursing educators . d. Graduate students ANS: B Public health nurses have long recognized the importance of achieving the role of colleagues . in advancing the status and effectiveness of the nursing profession. The remaining groups of nurses have contributed to the profession in other ways. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 141 TOP: Nursing definition MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable . 12. While a nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled to have surgery in 2 hours, the patient states, “My doctor was here and told me a lot of stuff I didn’t understand. Then I signed a paper for her.” To fulfill the role of advocate, what is the best nursing action? . a. Explain the surgery and possible outcomes to the patient. b. Call the physician to return and clarify information for the patient. c. Reassure the patient that the surgery will go as planned. d. Complete the nurse’s first priority—the preoperative teaching plan.. ANS: B Examples of nursing advocacy include questioning doctors’ orders; promoting patient . comfort; and supporting patient decisions regarding health care choices, which would include the example here of informed consent. It would not be appropriate for the nurse to assume the role of the physician and explain the surgery and possible outcomes to the patient, reassure the patient that there will be no complications, or complete the preoperative teaching plan. . Although important, the preoperative teaching plan is not the nurse’s first priority. Reassurance is a nontherapeutic communication strategy because it provides a false sense of security. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application/Applying REF: p. 140 TOP: Nursing definition MSC: NCLEX®: Safe and effective care environment—management of care. 13. After studying nursing history on the Crusades, the nursing student can conclude that the following is the origin of the first nursing pin? a. Nightingale’s badge . b. Maltese cross c. Nun habit garb d. Nutricius medal . ANS: B The Maltese cross worn by the knights and nurses during the Crusades is considered the origin of the nursing pin. Nightingale is noted for the lamp. The nun’s habit is considered the origin . of the nursing cap. “Nutricius medal” means “nourishing medal.” PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 133 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. . TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 14. A nursing student is correct when identifying which programs as having the distinction of being the first for nursing that were developed from planned research and controlled . experimentation? a. Diploma programs b. Associate degree programs . c. Baccalaureate programs d. Master’s and doctoral programs ANS: B . An advisory committee was established in 1952 by the American Association of Junior Colleges along with the National League for Nursing (NLN). This committee researched the development of the associate degree nursing program, evaluated associate degree graduates, and determined the future implications of the associate degree of nursing.. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 136 OBJ: Compare and contrast the types of educational preparation for nursing. . TOP: Nursing education MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 15. Which of the following is true of ancient Egyptian physicians and how they used ancient medicine to treat patients? . a. They focused on finding a cure for maladies. b. They focused on treating maladies. c. Treatments were often provided by antibiotics. . d. Treatments focused on driving out evil spirits. ANS: D Ancient Egyptian physicians focused treatment on driving out evil spirits rather than curing or . treating maladies. Ancient Egyptian physicians did not have access to antibiotics during that time period. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering . REF: p. 125 TOP: Nursing history: people and places OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 16. Which action resulted from the command of George Washington during colonial times? . a. Women were banned from providing nursing care. b. Women were hired to serve meals and provide care to the ill. c. Men were hired to serve meals to the ill. . d. Most of the individuals in the large hospitals providing care were women. ANS: B At the command of George Washington, women were hired to serve meals and provide care . to the wounded and ill. During this time, most of the individuals in the large hospitals providing care were men. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering . REF: p. 131 OBJ: Explain the forces that affect the role of American nurses. TOP: American nursing: critical factors MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 17. Which of the following is a technical nurse duty, as described by Mildred Montag? . a. Changing a dressing with supervision from a nurse (RN, BSN) b. Giving medication independently c. Taking a radiograph . d. Prescribing medications ANS: A Changing a dressing with supervision is a duty that a technical nurse would perform, . according to Mildred Montag (1951). A technical nurse would be educated at a community college and would be eligible to become licensed as an RN. A technical nurse or bedside nurse would have a broader scope of education than a practical nurse (LPN) and a narrower . scope of education than a professional nurse (BSN, RN). Giving medications independently, taking a radiograph, and prescribing medications would be inappropriate for a technical nurse (nurse technician) in this role developed by Mildred Montag. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 136 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. TOP: History of nursing education MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable . 18. Which of the following is an example of advocacy by the nurse? a. Refusing to give a patient a medication because it cont radicts the nurse’s beliefs b. Questioning a doctor’s order that appears unsafe c. Giving a patient medication against his/her wishes because the nurse believes it to . be in the best interest of the patient d. Giving out the patient’s health information to a questioning family member ANS: B . An example of advocacy is questioning a doctor’s order that appears unsafe. Other examples of advocacy include promoting patient comfort and supporting patient decisions regarding health care choices. Refusing to give a medication because it contradicts the nurse’s beliefs, . giving a medication against a patient’s wishes, and giving out a patient’s health information are not examples of advocacy. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding . REF: p. 140 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. TOP: The nurse’s role: the struggle for definitions MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 19. Which of the following depicts the charge nurse as autocratic over the student? . a. The student is in charge of the patient assignment while the charge nurse observes. b. The charge nurse and the student share equal power in the patient assignment. c. The charge nurse has absolute power over the student and the patient assignment.. d. The charge nurse passes power over the student to the attending physician. ANS: C When the charge nurse is autocratic, she retains absolute power over the student and the . assignment. Autocratic leadership (also known as authoritarian leadership) is characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from nursing staff, including students. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers. There is a benefit to charge nurses being autocratic in . leadership style when working with students because their decisions regarding nurse care and nursing assignments are based on experience that a student nurse would not have. . PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering REF: p. 141 OBJ: Explain the events that have affected the role of American nurses. TOP: The nurse’s role: the struggle for definitions MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable . MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. The nurse has been studying the history of the nursing uniform and relates which information . about the nurse’s cap? (Select all that apply.) a. The nurse’s cap evolved from battlefield uniforms. b. The cap was designed to keep hair neatly in place. . c. Each educational institution had its own unique cap. d. Men in nursing led to the cap’s use declining. e. Caps were very difficult and expensive to make. . ANS: B, C, D The nurse’s cap design evolved from the traditional ga