PAPER 2
The Start of the Cold War 1945-1949
The Yalta Conference (1945)
Issue 1: What to do with Germany Only unconditional surrender
No separate peace
Germany (and Berlin) would be split into
four zones
Germany’s eastern border would move
westwards (to Poland)
Reparations paid ($20 billion) half going to
USSR
Issue 2: Establishment of UN United Nations consist of all states at war
with Germany
Security council would have 5 permanent
members with a veto
First meeting held in San Francisco, June ‘45
Issue 3: Getting USSR to fight Stalin agreed to intervene with war v Japan
Japan following the defeat of Germany
In return the USSR was given territory lost to
Japan and Outer Mongolia and Manchuria
would become Soviet ‘spheres of influence’
Issue 4: The future of Poland A provisional govt. would be established
incorporating members of the pro-Soviet
‘Lublin’ govt., and the exiled ‘London’ Poles,
who fled from the German and Soviet armies
in 1939
Free and fair multi-party elections would be
held as soon as possible
The Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
Agreements
- The Polish/German border was to be settled at the Oder-Neisse Line
- Germany would be ‘denazified’ and war crimes trials were to be held in Germany
and Japan
- Germany would be governed by an Allied Control Council in Berlin where each
decision required a unanimous verdict and the country would be treated as a single
economic unit
- Each country was allowed to take reparations from its own zone of occupation. The
USSR could also take some equipment from the industrialised western zones
- The Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM) would be established to deal with the
defeated European countries.
, Disagreements
- The Allies didn’t agree over the future govt. of Poland and the Soviet-controlled govt.
at Lublin continued to run the country
- They disagreed over the future of Germany. Stalin wanted to dismember Germany,
and prevent it developing its own industry
- The USSR wanted access to Germany’s industrial heartland in the Ruhr. This was
rejected.
Division of Germany
XXXX = United States
XXXX = Great Britain
XXXX = France
XXXX = Soviet Union
Agreements made about Poland at the Yalta Conference 1945
The Curzon Line marked the border between the USSR
and Poland. It was moved further west in 1945 to give
some Polish territory to USSR.
The Start of the Cold War 1945-1949
The Yalta Conference (1945)
Issue 1: What to do with Germany Only unconditional surrender
No separate peace
Germany (and Berlin) would be split into
four zones
Germany’s eastern border would move
westwards (to Poland)
Reparations paid ($20 billion) half going to
USSR
Issue 2: Establishment of UN United Nations consist of all states at war
with Germany
Security council would have 5 permanent
members with a veto
First meeting held in San Francisco, June ‘45
Issue 3: Getting USSR to fight Stalin agreed to intervene with war v Japan
Japan following the defeat of Germany
In return the USSR was given territory lost to
Japan and Outer Mongolia and Manchuria
would become Soviet ‘spheres of influence’
Issue 4: The future of Poland A provisional govt. would be established
incorporating members of the pro-Soviet
‘Lublin’ govt., and the exiled ‘London’ Poles,
who fled from the German and Soviet armies
in 1939
Free and fair multi-party elections would be
held as soon as possible
The Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
Agreements
- The Polish/German border was to be settled at the Oder-Neisse Line
- Germany would be ‘denazified’ and war crimes trials were to be held in Germany
and Japan
- Germany would be governed by an Allied Control Council in Berlin where each
decision required a unanimous verdict and the country would be treated as a single
economic unit
- Each country was allowed to take reparations from its own zone of occupation. The
USSR could also take some equipment from the industrialised western zones
- The Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM) would be established to deal with the
defeated European countries.
, Disagreements
- The Allies didn’t agree over the future govt. of Poland and the Soviet-controlled govt.
at Lublin continued to run the country
- They disagreed over the future of Germany. Stalin wanted to dismember Germany,
and prevent it developing its own industry
- The USSR wanted access to Germany’s industrial heartland in the Ruhr. This was
rejected.
Division of Germany
XXXX = United States
XXXX = Great Britain
XXXX = France
XXXX = Soviet Union
Agreements made about Poland at the Yalta Conference 1945
The Curzon Line marked the border between the USSR
and Poland. It was moved further west in 1945 to give
some Polish territory to USSR.
