TNCC Written Exam
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the
outcome of resuscitation? –
Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
vasculature? –
Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? –
Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? –
Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? –
Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? –
Compartment Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? –
Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury
along with rewarming? –
Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication
(NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? –
Peripheral resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? –
Reverse Trendelenburg
Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments
causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? –
Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including
hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? –
Quaternary Phase
, What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting
walls, ground, or any hard object? –
Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave
with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal
hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? –
Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general
weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? –
Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis,
cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein
distention, or hypotension? –
Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes,
altered level of consciousness? –
Increased intracranial pressure
Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse
pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? –
Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? –
Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness
and nausea. –
Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. –
Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ -
MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? –
35-45
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? –
Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? –
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the
outcome of resuscitation? –
Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
vasculature? –
Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? –
Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? –
Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? –
Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? –
Compartment Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? –
Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury
along with rewarming? –
Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication
(NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? –
Peripheral resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? –
Reverse Trendelenburg
Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments
causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? –
Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including
hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? –
Quaternary Phase
, What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting
walls, ground, or any hard object? –
Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave
with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal
hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? –
Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general
weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? –
Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis,
cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein
distention, or hypotension? –
Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes,
altered level of consciousness? –
Increased intracranial pressure
Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse
pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? –
Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? –
Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness
and nausea. –
Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. –
Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ -
MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? –
35-45
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? –
Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? –
