NUR2349 Exam 2 Professional Nursing I / PN 1
MODULE 3
Kidney anatomy and physiology:
Nephron function: functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually
produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the
blood
Urine characteristics:
Urine color is an indicator for hydration.
Urine pH is often influenced by diet.
Urine smell indicates age of the urine and may indicate the presence of glucose and
ketones.
Urine turbidity may indicate urinary tract infection or obstruction.
Urinalysis is the process of analyzing and detecting chemicals excreted in urine.
Physical characteristics of urine include color, smell, pH, density and turbidity
Factors that affect voiding: disease conditions, sociocultural conditions,
psychological factors, fluid balance, surgical procedures, medications, & diagnostic
exams
Urinary specimen collection:
, Urinalysis: U/A; random urine specimen collection
Timed urine collection: Usually done in a 24hr period; collect all urine for the entire
period; be sure that everyone who will come in to contact with the patient knows
that this is happening.
Sterile collections: must be taken from a catheter
clean void/midstream sample: (clean catch) clean meatus, start stream, place cup
to attain urine, remove cup, stop stream.
Lab results for urinary system:
U/A tests consist of
pH (4.6-8.0), protein (none to 8mg/100ml), glucose (none), ketones (none),
blood (none), specific gravity (1.0053 - 1.030)
Urine for culture & sensitivity
UCS; test for bacterial growth & helps to determine which abx should be
used (comes from sterile specimen)
Altered urinary function terms to know:
• Anuria: failure of kidney function; less than 100 mL/24 hours
• Dysuria: difficult or painful urination
• Enuresis: involuntary urination; usually children at night
• Frequency: increased incidence of voiding
• Glycosuria: glucose in the urine
• Hematuria: blood in the urine
• Hesitancy: delay or difficulty to void
• Nocturia: urination at night
• Oliguria: decreased urine production; scant 100-400 mL/24 hours
• Polyuria: excessive urination
• Proteinuria: protein in the urine
• Pyuria: pus in urine; WBC or green with pseudomonas
• Urgency: need to suddenly void
MODULE 3
Kidney anatomy and physiology:
Nephron function: functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually
produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the
blood
Urine characteristics:
Urine color is an indicator for hydration.
Urine pH is often influenced by diet.
Urine smell indicates age of the urine and may indicate the presence of glucose and
ketones.
Urine turbidity may indicate urinary tract infection or obstruction.
Urinalysis is the process of analyzing and detecting chemicals excreted in urine.
Physical characteristics of urine include color, smell, pH, density and turbidity
Factors that affect voiding: disease conditions, sociocultural conditions,
psychological factors, fluid balance, surgical procedures, medications, & diagnostic
exams
Urinary specimen collection:
, Urinalysis: U/A; random urine specimen collection
Timed urine collection: Usually done in a 24hr period; collect all urine for the entire
period; be sure that everyone who will come in to contact with the patient knows
that this is happening.
Sterile collections: must be taken from a catheter
clean void/midstream sample: (clean catch) clean meatus, start stream, place cup
to attain urine, remove cup, stop stream.
Lab results for urinary system:
U/A tests consist of
pH (4.6-8.0), protein (none to 8mg/100ml), glucose (none), ketones (none),
blood (none), specific gravity (1.0053 - 1.030)
Urine for culture & sensitivity
UCS; test for bacterial growth & helps to determine which abx should be
used (comes from sterile specimen)
Altered urinary function terms to know:
• Anuria: failure of kidney function; less than 100 mL/24 hours
• Dysuria: difficult or painful urination
• Enuresis: involuntary urination; usually children at night
• Frequency: increased incidence of voiding
• Glycosuria: glucose in the urine
• Hematuria: blood in the urine
• Hesitancy: delay or difficulty to void
• Nocturia: urination at night
• Oliguria: decreased urine production; scant 100-400 mL/24 hours
• Polyuria: excessive urination
• Proteinuria: protein in the urine
• Pyuria: pus in urine; WBC or green with pseudomonas
• Urgency: need to suddenly void
