AR – Anaerobic Respiration.
AER – Aerobic Respiration. Anaerobic Resp. is not as efficient
as aerobic respiration as the glucose
molecules in AR are not broken
down completely so far less energy
is released than during AER.
AR is used in food production of
yoghurt, cheese and also in biogas
production.
Anaerobic Anaerobic Respiration:
Glucose lactic acid (+energy)
Respiration.
Oxygen debt is when your cells don't
receive enough oxygen during
exercise they start respiring without
One way to get rid of oxygen debt it, creating lactic acid as a result.
is to pant after exercise in order Debt is simply breathing in the
to break down the lactic acid. required amount of oxygen needed
to get rid of the lactic acid that
built up.
, Dialysis fluid contains the same
Dialysis fluid contains no urea
concentration of glucose and
so there is a strong
mineral ions as normal blood
concentration gradient from
plasma so there is no net
the blood to the fluid.
movement out of the blood.
During dialysis it is vital that
excess urea and mineral ions is
This is the cleansing lost. It is equally important
of the blood through a
dialysis machine when
Dialysis. that useful substances like
glucose and mineral ions are
the kidneys fail. not lost.
The dialysis machine
used to remove urea
and excess mineral
ions from the blood
when the kidneys fail.
, RHCs also have microvilli to Plant roots are also
Also have plenty
increase SA for diffusion and adapted to take in
mitochondria to supply
osmosis. The water then only has mineral ions using
the energy that they
a short distance to move across
need. active transports.
the root to the xylem.
Roots are thin, divided tubes
SA – Surface Area. with a large SA. The cells on
RHC – Root Hair Cell. the outside of the roots also There are many air
have their own adaptations. spaces inside the leaf
(RHC). to allow CO2 to come
into contact with lots
of cells.
Flattened shape of
When it is dark leaf cells do not
need CO2 but on a bright, Exchange in the leaves increases
surface area for
warm, sunny day a lot of CO2
needs to come into the leaves Plants. diffusion.
via diffusion. Thin leaves; this
means that the CO2
doesn’t have far to
The leaves also have stomata. This diffuse.
To do this the leaves are can be opened when the plant
adapted to allow CO2 only when needs to allow air into the leaves so
needed. They’re covered with a that CO2 can enter the cells but can
waxy cuticle (a waterproof and also be closed the rest of the time
gas-proof layer). to control the loss of water. The
opening and closing of the stomata
is controlled by guard cells.
, SA – Surface Area.
High concentration in the
SI – Small Intestine.
gut low in the blood.
Only when They move
Molecules from molecules are into the blood
food provide fuel dissolved in along a steep
for respiration. water can concentration
diffusion take gradient.
place.
Villi increase the Exchange in Uses Diffusion
and Active
uptake of
digested food by
diffusion.
the Gut. Transport.
Glucose and other dissolved
Rich blood supply Large surface Thin wall, one food molecules are moved
produces a steep area for cell thick only, from the SI into the blood via
concentration diffusion. so there is a Active Transport against the
gradient which is Microvilli also short distance concentration gradient.
maintained all the help increase which diffusion
time. the SA. takes place.
AER – Aerobic Respiration. Anaerobic Resp. is not as efficient
as aerobic respiration as the glucose
molecules in AR are not broken
down completely so far less energy
is released than during AER.
AR is used in food production of
yoghurt, cheese and also in biogas
production.
Anaerobic Anaerobic Respiration:
Glucose lactic acid (+energy)
Respiration.
Oxygen debt is when your cells don't
receive enough oxygen during
exercise they start respiring without
One way to get rid of oxygen debt it, creating lactic acid as a result.
is to pant after exercise in order Debt is simply breathing in the
to break down the lactic acid. required amount of oxygen needed
to get rid of the lactic acid that
built up.
, Dialysis fluid contains the same
Dialysis fluid contains no urea
concentration of glucose and
so there is a strong
mineral ions as normal blood
concentration gradient from
plasma so there is no net
the blood to the fluid.
movement out of the blood.
During dialysis it is vital that
excess urea and mineral ions is
This is the cleansing lost. It is equally important
of the blood through a
dialysis machine when
Dialysis. that useful substances like
glucose and mineral ions are
the kidneys fail. not lost.
The dialysis machine
used to remove urea
and excess mineral
ions from the blood
when the kidneys fail.
, RHCs also have microvilli to Plant roots are also
Also have plenty
increase SA for diffusion and adapted to take in
mitochondria to supply
osmosis. The water then only has mineral ions using
the energy that they
a short distance to move across
need. active transports.
the root to the xylem.
Roots are thin, divided tubes
SA – Surface Area. with a large SA. The cells on
RHC – Root Hair Cell. the outside of the roots also There are many air
have their own adaptations. spaces inside the leaf
(RHC). to allow CO2 to come
into contact with lots
of cells.
Flattened shape of
When it is dark leaf cells do not
need CO2 but on a bright, Exchange in the leaves increases
surface area for
warm, sunny day a lot of CO2
needs to come into the leaves Plants. diffusion.
via diffusion. Thin leaves; this
means that the CO2
doesn’t have far to
The leaves also have stomata. This diffuse.
To do this the leaves are can be opened when the plant
adapted to allow CO2 only when needs to allow air into the leaves so
needed. They’re covered with a that CO2 can enter the cells but can
waxy cuticle (a waterproof and also be closed the rest of the time
gas-proof layer). to control the loss of water. The
opening and closing of the stomata
is controlled by guard cells.
, SA – Surface Area.
High concentration in the
SI – Small Intestine.
gut low in the blood.
Only when They move
Molecules from molecules are into the blood
food provide fuel dissolved in along a steep
for respiration. water can concentration
diffusion take gradient.
place.
Villi increase the Exchange in Uses Diffusion
and Active
uptake of
digested food by
diffusion.
the Gut. Transport.
Glucose and other dissolved
Rich blood supply Large surface Thin wall, one food molecules are moved
produces a steep area for cell thick only, from the SI into the blood via
concentration diffusion. so there is a Active Transport against the
gradient which is Microvilli also short distance concentration gradient.
maintained all the help increase which diffusion
time. the SA. takes place.
