The Industrial Revolution was the time period in which agrarian economies transitioned to machine
industries through the creations of various new technologies such as time engines etc. Countries
that industrialized first became global powers as their technological advancements gave them the
opportunities to expand to new lands and exploit the resources of other lands through imperialism.
The first of these were nations such as England, France, and Western Europe but soon others
wanted to join and modernize as well. Even though all of the leaders (non-western elites) wanted to
reach the same point of industrial and imperialistic success their techniques somewhat varied in
success and approaches such as their economic and educational reforms while being met with
resistance and a need to maintain some tradition and autonomy.
One of the ways the approaches of modernizing differed was through the importance given to their
economical and industry reforms. This can be seen in Document 1 as in its descriptions of the
Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms it refers to the reforms of their monetary systems to be able to increase
the sources of the nation's material wealth. This shows how the nation implemented its plans to
improve the commerce and economic trajectory of the nation, giving it its importance. The historical
context of these reforms was not the brightest. The Tanzimat reforms of the Ottoman Empire were
not successful and the old man of Europe continued to fall behind the surrounding nations after
finally falling after losing the first world war. These reforms were one of the final stretches to try to
save the empire and be able to bring it back to success. In Document 7 we can see a different
approach towards the economic and industry reforms as the document talks about how these parts
of the nation (Russia) can be helped only through the implementation of outside capital to boost the
economy and their industries. This shows that Russia as a country believes that their reforms
needed to be economically supported by the outside and not only through internal reforms.
A second way in which the different modernizing nations differed in their techniques and strategies
was regarding education. This can be seen in Document 2 as in this document it is expressed how in
Iran new Schools of Sciences were implemented that positively trained students in more modern
ways such as physics, mathematics, and engineering while at the same time showing the
importance and maintaining the traditional Iranian education. This shows how this nation wanted to
keep a balance between its new and old systems to be able to change positively while keeping its
identity. Document 3 also shows the importance of the educational reforms as an Ottoman
statesman comment on the importance of new education blaming the Chinese ignorance of new
technological warfare on their defeat in the Opium Wars. This shows how new education reforms
were not always seen as a balance but as a need to keep up with technology trends to avoid falling
behind. Another outside example of the different reformation that worked on education as part of
their modernization was the Meiji Restoration in Japan. The restoration created new school systems
to expand educational opportunities throughout the empire as well as other changes regarding their
industries and economical gain through tea, silk, etc.
The different approaches towards modernizing not always was only in regards to their reforms but
also the willingness of a nation to implement them such as through resistance to this or on the other
hand the needs to maintain with these reforms to keep a good image. This can be seen in Document
6 as it is a Chinese government official who is against the reforms to modernize as he is stating that
foreign will treat the nation as a piece of meat to be eaten. This shows the complete disagreement
and resistance to the movement towards modernization. The point of view of this government official
is key to understanding its view on the subject. As a scholar that emphasizes its work on classic
Chinese literature, its works were greatly influenced by the Confucian principles and basis. The
industries through the creations of various new technologies such as time engines etc. Countries
that industrialized first became global powers as their technological advancements gave them the
opportunities to expand to new lands and exploit the resources of other lands through imperialism.
The first of these were nations such as England, France, and Western Europe but soon others
wanted to join and modernize as well. Even though all of the leaders (non-western elites) wanted to
reach the same point of industrial and imperialistic success their techniques somewhat varied in
success and approaches such as their economic and educational reforms while being met with
resistance and a need to maintain some tradition and autonomy.
One of the ways the approaches of modernizing differed was through the importance given to their
economical and industry reforms. This can be seen in Document 1 as in its descriptions of the
Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms it refers to the reforms of their monetary systems to be able to increase
the sources of the nation's material wealth. This shows how the nation implemented its plans to
improve the commerce and economic trajectory of the nation, giving it its importance. The historical
context of these reforms was not the brightest. The Tanzimat reforms of the Ottoman Empire were
not successful and the old man of Europe continued to fall behind the surrounding nations after
finally falling after losing the first world war. These reforms were one of the final stretches to try to
save the empire and be able to bring it back to success. In Document 7 we can see a different
approach towards the economic and industry reforms as the document talks about how these parts
of the nation (Russia) can be helped only through the implementation of outside capital to boost the
economy and their industries. This shows that Russia as a country believes that their reforms
needed to be economically supported by the outside and not only through internal reforms.
A second way in which the different modernizing nations differed in their techniques and strategies
was regarding education. This can be seen in Document 2 as in this document it is expressed how in
Iran new Schools of Sciences were implemented that positively trained students in more modern
ways such as physics, mathematics, and engineering while at the same time showing the
importance and maintaining the traditional Iranian education. This shows how this nation wanted to
keep a balance between its new and old systems to be able to change positively while keeping its
identity. Document 3 also shows the importance of the educational reforms as an Ottoman
statesman comment on the importance of new education blaming the Chinese ignorance of new
technological warfare on their defeat in the Opium Wars. This shows how new education reforms
were not always seen as a balance but as a need to keep up with technology trends to avoid falling
behind. Another outside example of the different reformation that worked on education as part of
their modernization was the Meiji Restoration in Japan. The restoration created new school systems
to expand educational opportunities throughout the empire as well as other changes regarding their
industries and economical gain through tea, silk, etc.
The different approaches towards modernizing not always was only in regards to their reforms but
also the willingness of a nation to implement them such as through resistance to this or on the other
hand the needs to maintain with these reforms to keep a good image. This can be seen in Document
6 as it is a Chinese government official who is against the reforms to modernize as he is stating that
foreign will treat the nation as a piece of meat to be eaten. This shows the complete disagreement
and resistance to the movement towards modernization. The point of view of this government official
is key to understanding its view on the subject. As a scholar that emphasizes its work on classic
Chinese literature, its works were greatly influenced by the Confucian principles and basis. The
