NURS 6635 EXAM FINAL WINTER 2021 (Exam Elaborations Questions With Answers and Explanations Provided Newly Updated Exam Review Guide).

NURS 6635 EXAM FINAL WINTER 2021 (Exam Elaborations Questions With Answers and Explanations Provided Newly Updated Exam Review Guide). QUESTION 1 1. Select the diagnostic criterion for catatonia resulting from a medical condition. Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021 So, we can eliminate "Delusions" (letter B) and "Hallucinations" (Letter D) as choices for negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. Now, we will talk about the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. 1.) Lack of pleasure - the patient does not have joy or being happy whatever he does. Also called anhedonia. 2.) Trouble of speech - don't show or being open on his thoughts and feelings. Also called alogia. 3.) Flattening - no emotions in talking like monotonal talk. 4.) Withdrawal - no social life or having no plans with friends. Also called apathy. 5) Struggling with the basic chores in daily life - hard to do some basic stuff or stopping taking care of themselves. 6.) No - follow through - also called avolition. So, we can say that Anhedonia (letter A) is the answer, but what is Catatonia? Catatonia is a psychomotor disorder. It involves the connection between the mental and movement function. Recently, it was thought of as a type of Schizophrenia. Thus, Catatonia is not a negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. Thus, ANHEDONIA (Letter A) is the only negative symptoms of Schizophrenia in the given choices. To support my explanation, I will attach some articles / links for references. 1 points QUESTION 3 1. Select the most defining characteristic of inevitable suicide. A Lack of family history . B Unexpected adverse drug . effect C Provider loses hope in . patient D Failure of best therapy . Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation The lack of hope is the inevitable cause of suicide. If the provider loses hope in the patient then there is no way for the patient to recover. Option C is correct. Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021 1 points 1 points QUESTION 4 1. Select the type of neurochemical receptor that is blocked by caffeine. A GABA . B Glutamate . C Adenosine . D Norepinephri . ne Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug. The only molecular targets for caffeine at nontoxic doses are the main adenosine receptors in the brain, namely the inhibitory A1 receptors (A1R) and the facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) (9) QUESTION 5 1. Select the main cause female orgasmic disorder. A Cultural . B Genetic . C Hormonal . D Psychologi . cal Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation The right answer is Option D. Physical, Situational & Psychological factors can contribute to female orgasmic disorder such as: 1. Physical 1. Medical conditions 2. Medications 2. Situational 1. Sexual inexperience 2. Insufficient foreplay 3. Lack of understanding about how genital organs function 4. Poor communication about sex 3. Psychological 1. Guilty feeling about sex 2. Anxiety & depression 3. Relationship issues Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021 4. Past abuse Walden University_NURS6635 Exam Final Winter 2021 1 points QUESTION 6 1. Select the symptom not present in paranoid personality disorder. A Denial of . responsibility B Fixed delusions . C Suspicious of . coworkers D Hostility and . irritability Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation CSuspicious of coworkers Suspicious of coworkers is a symptom of paranoid personality disorder it displays unusual behavior towards others. Usually associated with trust issues and unstable self confidence. They tend to admit with negative feelings towards others and uncomfortable having in a group. The symptoms of paranoid personality disorder may appear in childhood or adolescence. People who suffer prefer isolation, have weak peer relationships, social anxiety, academic underachievement, hypersensitivity, idiosyncratic fantasies, and odd thoughts and language. These teenagers can seem "weird" or "eccentric," making them easy targets for bullying. QUESTION 7 1. Select the disorder that is often comorbid with brief psychotic disorder. A Generalized . anxiety B Bipolar I . C Depressive . D Personality . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation It is because a genetic link, who have mood disorder. 1 points FINAL 1 points 1 points QUESTION 8 1. Select the age before which a majority of paraphilic disorders occurs. A 2 . 2 B 1 . 8 C 2 . 5 D 5 . 0 Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Paraphilias occurs primarily in males with an average onset between age 8 and 12. Hence option (B) is the correct option QUESTION 9 1. Select the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States. A 0.1- . 1.0% B 1-5% . C 5-10% . D 0.08% . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation The estimated number of people having schizophrenia in the US is 2.5 million. The total population of US is 328 million. Therefore, (2.5 million/328 million) x 100 = 0.76% So, the answer is letter A. 0.1-1.0% QUESTION 10 1. Select the age range of the highest rate of substance dependence or abuse. A 12-17 . B 18-25 . C 26-40 1 points FINAL 1 points . D 65 and . older Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Statistics on Specific Population Demographics and Addiction Adolescents (aged 12-17):  In 2017, approximately 4% of the American adolescent population age 12 to 17 suffered from a substance use disorder; this equals 992,000 teens or 1 in 25 people in  About 443,000 adolescents age 12 to 17 had an alcohol use disorder in 2017, or 1.8%  An estimated 741,000 adolescents suffered from an illicit drug use disorder in 2017, or Young adults aged 18-25:  About 5.1 million young adults age 18 to 25 battled a substance use disorder in 2017,  About 3.4 million young adults age 18 to 25 had an alcohol use disorder in 2017, or  About 2.5 million young adults had an illicit drug use disorder in 2017, or about 7.3% of  Heroin use among young adults between 18 and 25 years old doubled in the past Over age 26:  Approximately 13.6 million adults age 26 or older struggled with a substance use  About 10.6 million adults age 26 and older had an alcohol use disorder in 2017, or  About 4.3 million adults age 26 or older had an illicit drug use disorder in 2017, or 2% Elderly individuals:  More than 1 million elderly adults age 65 or older had a substance use disorder in  That same year, about 978,000 of people in this age group had an alcohol use disorder  Two-thirds of the senior citizens over the age of 65 who struggle with alcohol use  Between 21% and 66% of elderly individuals battling a substance use disorder also QUESTION 11 1. Select the characteristic that is greater in childhood than adult onset schizophrenia. A Delusions . suffer from a co-occurring mental health disorder.6 disorders developed the disorder before age 65.6 and about 93,000 had an illicit drug use disorder.7 2017.7 of this age group.1 about 5% of this age group.1 disorder in 2017, or 6.4% of this age group.1 decade.4 this population.1 about 10% of young adults.1 which equates to 14.8% of this population and about 1 in 7 people.1 about 3% of this population.1 of adolescents.1 this age group.1 FINAL 1 points B Social withdrawal . C Hallucinations . D Disorganized . speech QUESTION 12 1. Select the personality disorder in which patients are most likely to tolerate spousal abuse to avoid losing sense of attachment. A Dependent . B Narcissistic . C Passive- . aggressive D Depressive . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation The correct answer is letter A. NarcissisticEgotistical, arrogant, grandiose, insouciant. Preoccupied with fantasies of success, beauty, or achievement. See themselves as admirable and superior, and therefore entitled to special treatment. Is a mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance and a deep need for admiration. Those with narcissistic personality disorder believe that they're superior to others and have little regard for other people's feelings. DependentHelpless, incompetent, submissive, immature. Withdrawn from adult responsibilities. See themselves as weak or fragile. Seek constant reassurance from stronger figures. They have the need to be taken care of by a person. They fear being abandoned or separated from important people in their life. DepressiveSomber, discouraged, pessimistic, brooding, fatalistic. Present themselves as vulnerable and abandoned. Feel valueless, guilty, and impotent. Judge themselves as worthy only of criticism and contempt. Hopeless, suicidal, restless. This disorder can lead to aggressive acts and hallucinations. Passiveaggressive (Negativistic) Resentful, contrary, skeptical, discontented. Resist fulfilling others' expectations. Deliberately inefficient. Vent anger indirectly by undermining others' goals. Alternately moody and irritable, then sullen and withdrawn. Withhold emotions. Will not communicate when there is something problematic to discuss. FINAL 1 points QUESTION 13 1. Select the personality disorder in which patients exhibit covert obstructionism, procrastination and pessimism. A Obsessive- . compulsive B Sadomasochistic . C Borderline . D Passive-aggressive . Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation The answer is D. Passive-aggressive According to Blais, M.A. et al, 2008, obstructionism and procrastination, is a major feature of passive-aggressive personality disorder. This features are shown as passive resistance to authority for any request of good performance. Also persons with this personality disorder shows pervasive negative attitude (pessimism) toward the world. Reference: QUESTION 14 1. Select the drug of choice to treat psychosis in delirious patients. A Chlorpromazi . ne B Alprazolam . C Clozapine . D Haloperidol . Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine used for the treatment of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, manic phase of bipolar disorder, severe behavioral problems in children. It enables delirious patients to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can reduce aggressive behavior and the desire to hurt others or even the patients themselves. It helps in the management of aggressive behavior in a patient as well as reduces hallucinations. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. 1 points FINAL 1 points 1 points Reference. QUESTION 15 1. Select the substance of abuse with the strongest evidence for genetic association. A Heroin . B Marijuan . a C Alcohol . D Cocaine . Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation Alcohol QUESTION 16 1. Select the type of hallucinations most common in schizophrenia. A Tactile . B Visual . C Auditor . y D Olfacto . ry Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation Answer: Auditory Hallucinations are characterized as non-comprehensible perceptions and feelings to others. However, to the person witnessing them, they can seem actual, immediate, and vibrant.. Auditory hallucinations are the most frequent in schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia are more likely to have auditory disturbances, which involve hearing voices—sometimes several voices—or other sounds such as whispering or murmuring. Voices may appear furious or urgent, and they often make demands on the hallucinating person. Reference FINAL 1 points 1 points Birnbaum, R., & Weinberger, D. R. (2017). Genetic insights into the neurodevelopmental origins of schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18(12), 727-740. McCutcheon, R. A., Marques, T. R., & Howes, O. D. (2020). Schizophrenia—an overview. JAMA psychiatry, 77(2), 201-210. QUESTION 17 1. Select the neurotransmitter system that is most associated with the addictive rewarding properties of opioids. A Dopaminer . gic B Serotonergi . c C Adrenergic . D Glutamater . gic QUESTION 18 Select the preferred drug used to treat alcohol withdrawal. A Fluoxetin . e B Propranol . ol C Lorazepa . m D Phenytoin . Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation The correct answer is (C) Lorazepam In general hospital settings, alcohol dependence is a normal occurrence. It makes up a large portion of the referrals that a consultation-liaison psychiatrist receives. Medication over 80 are used to treat or control withdrawal symptoms of alcohol. Treatment of withdrawal can be done with delirium DT with it aim being to achieve a peaceful, but awake state or light somnolence, which is characterized as a sleep from which the patient can be easily awakened. This is ideally accomplished by administering intravenous diazepam at regular intervals while carefully watching the patient during the process. Patients with FINAL 1 points 1 points hepatic disease, pulmonary disease, or the elderly who are at risk of over-sedation and respiratory depression from diazepam may benefit from intravenous or intramuscular lorazepam. Reference Clinical management of alcohol withdrawal: A systematic review. (2018). PubMed Central (PMC). QUESTION 19 1. Select the neurotransmitter that is most associated with the occurrence of ADHD. A Serotonin . B Dopamine . C Acetylcholi . ne D Glutamate . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation  At one time, scientists thought that low levels of a neurotransmitter named dopamine caused ADHD. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter implicated in many psychiatric problems. Among other things, dopamine impacts movement, mood, motivation, and attention.  These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. Dopamine and norepinephrine are two neurotransmitters that may play a role in ADHD. QUESTION 20 1. Select the most frequently abused illicit drug. A Marijuana . B Heroin . C Cocaine . D Phencyclidi . ne Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation Marijuana is the most frequent used illicit drug across the globe. This is supported by the different stands on legalization of the same. According to stats, in 2018 at least 53.2 million people had used marijuana that year. This indicates how it is easily abused. FINAL 1 points 1 points QUESTION 21 1. Select the percentage of substance-addicted persons with a concurrent psychiatric disorder. A 6 . 0 B 5 . 0 C 4 . 0 D 2 . 0 Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation 50 per cent of people diagnosed with a substance use disorder (other than alcohol) will also have a mental health disorder at some point in their lives. This is close to four times the rate found in people who do not have a lifetime history of a substance use disorder. QUESTION 22 1. Select the drug that is most safe and effective in treating mild to moderate memory loss in early Alzheimer’s disease. A Donepezil . B Risperido . ne C Benztropi . ne D Tacrine . Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation Tacrine is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. It is thought to increase concentrations of acetylcholine, one of the key neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease. QUESTION 23 1. Select the usual time delay to the onset of tardive dyskinesia symptoms after initiating antipsychotic drug therapy. A 7-10 . days 1 points FINAL 1 points 1 points B 6 weeks . C 3 . months D 6 . months Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Error in choices. The correct answer is choice (C) 3 months. Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of antipsychotic drugs that causes involuntary movement of muscles of the face. The drugs work by inhibiting dopamine secretion, which mediates the brain's action to control muscle. it is normally associated with very high doses, or when the drugs are taken for longer periods of time. QUESTION 24 1. Select two comorbid factors common in schizophrenic patients. A Substance abuse . B Residing in a low population . density C Lack of seasonal influenza . vaccination D Undiagnosed medical illness . Answer: A . and D . Step-by-Step explanation Answers are letter A and D. Psychiatric Comorbidity happens side to side with schizophrenia, it aids the disease to be even more difficult. A factor are undiagnosed medical illnesses, people who suffer from this tends to be more vulnerable to medical illnesses and the fact that it was not yet discovered, they are commonly associated and at higher risks with chronic medical disorders. Another factor is substance abuse, this comorbidity dominates those who suffer with schizophrenia. During the course of the disease, those who suffer from it might probably look for alternative options to cope with it, resulting to substance abuse that could result to their condition, getting worse. QUESTION 25 1. Select the psychiatric disorder for which the term neuroleptic is used to describe drug effects. A Bipolar I . B Schizophrenia . FINAL 1 points 1 points C Generalized . anxiety D Depression . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders. QUESTION 26 1. Select the two characteristics that describe normal sexual behavior. A Varies from era to era . B Reflects cultural mores . C Remains consistent from era . to era D Is compulsive . Answer: B . and C . Step-by-Step explanation Characteristics of normal sexual behavior include that the behavior is spontaneous or intermittent light hearted and playful,occurs between children of similar age ,size and ability who may be the same and opposite genders and typically decreased with caregiver guidance and supervision QUESTION 27 1. Select the most common paraphilic disorder. A Voyeuris . m B Zoophilia . C Pedophili . a D Fetishis . m Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation FINAL 1 points 1 points 1 points A paraphilic disorder is an act, fantasy or desire that includes inanimate objects, children o nonconsenting adults in order to satisfy desire. It is different than paraphilia. In this case Pedophilia is the most common paraphillic disorder which involves sexual affection for children. QUESTION 28 1. Select the brain region devoid of cannabinoid receptors. A Brain stem . B Basal . ganglia C Cerebellum . D Hippocamp . us QUESTION 29 1. Select the most common error by the provider in the practice of family-oriented therapy for persons with schizophrenia. A Reducing drug dosage to eliminate adverse effects too quickly . B Encouraging family to promote patients to resume normal activity too quickly . C Controlling emotional intensity of family sessions with patients with . schizophrenia D Open discussion by practitioner with family about the patient’s frightening . psychotic symptoms Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Its necessary for a family member of schizophrenia, to support him, to sympathise him. So promoting daily activity TOO QUICKLY by the care provider will be a mistake. As the patient wants someone to hear and feel what they goes through. So instead of promoting their daily activities quickly they should focus on their mental health as its a slow procedure treating them with this. QUESTION 30 1. Select the rating scale used to assess medication-induced movement disorders. A CAG FINAL 1 points 1 points QUESTION 32 1. Select the time of treatment of schizophrenic patients with correct antipsychotic drug therapy that represents an adequate medication trial. . E B MMS . E C AIMS . D BPRS . Answer: C . Step-by-Step explanation Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is used to assess medication-induced movement disorders such as dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is an uncontrolled involuntary movement expressed in the arms, legs or head, and trunk, which includes items such as facial behaviors (jaw, facial muscles, tongue, and lips), full-body behaviors (upper, lower, and trunk), and general severity of involuntary movements and incapacitation due to these movements. Reference: QUESTION 31 1. Select the theorist who first studied social and cultural influences on suicide. A Freud . B Durkhei . m C Menning . er D Beck . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation I think Durkheim was the first theorist who studied social and cultural influences on suicide. He plotted social regulation on x-axis and social integration in y-axis. This way he started his study. Durkheim's study demonstrates that what is thought to be a highly individual act is actually socially patterned and has social, not only psychological, causes. . So, the correct answer is B. Durkheim FINAL 1 points 1 points A 2 to 4 weeks . B 4 to 6 weeks . C 3 to 6 . months D 6 to 12 . months Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Antipsychotic medications can help calm and clear up confusion in a person with acute psychosis (specifically schizophrenia), in a matter of hours or days, but can take up to four to six weeks to reach their full effect. Therefore, the correct answer is Option B. 4 to 6 weeks QUESTION 33 1. Select the two behaviors of schizophrenic patients that occur more frequently than in the general population. A Homicid . e B Violence . C Suicide . D Pyroman . ia Answer: A . and C . Step-by-Step explanation People diagnose with schizophrenia are 2-3 times more likely to die prematurely than the rest of the general population. About 4.9% of people with schizophrenia die by suicide, this rate is far greater than the general population. Another behavior is homicide, the risk of homicide to individuals with schizophrenia is 0.3% which is greater compared to 0.02% of the general population. QUESTION 34 1. Select the neurotransmitter that increases sexual desire. A Norepinephri . ne FINAL 1 points B Dopamine . C GABA . D Serotonin . Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Upon reading the context, it shows that we are asked to determine in which of the following options was the neurotransmitters that increases the sexual desire. Answer: Dopamine From our general knowledge in Biology, Dopamine is a neurotransmitter made in the brain that can increase sexual desire. It acts as a chemical messenger between neurons and releases when your brain is expecting a reward. This plays a vital role in how we feel pleasure. It's a big part of our uniquely human ability to think and plan. It helps us strive, focus, and find things interesting. Basically, our body spreads it along four major pathways in the brain. Like most other systems in the body, we don't notice it until there's a problem. Too much or too little of it can lead to a vast range of health issues. It is involved in neurological and physiological functioning that contributes to the factor in motor function, mood, and even our decision making. It's also associated with some movement and psychiatric disorders. QUESTION 35 Select the two Freudian stages of psychosexual development. A Olfacto . ry B Oral . C Tactile . D Genital . Answer: B . and D . Step-by-Step explanation In Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development, it consists of 5 stages where a child goes through a series of psychosexual stages that leads to the development of the adult personality Freud's 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development (1) The Oral Stage FINAL 1 points 1 points (2) The Anal Stage (3) The Phallic Stage (4) The Latent Period (5) The Genital Stage QUESTION 36 1. Select the most frequent cause of intellectual disability in U.S. children. A Lead poisoning . B Fetal alcohol . syndrome C Dietary protein . deficiency D Maternal marijuana . use Answer: B . Step-by-Step explanation Fetal alcohol sysndrome is the most frequent cause of intellectual disability in US children. It isis are result of child's exposure to alcoholic drinks during the mother's period of pregnancy. It cause several defects on various part of child's brain which results to poor brain communication. QUESTION 37 1. Select the substance that is most commonly abused by adolescents. A Cocaine . B Marijuana . C Methamphetam . ine D Alcohol . Answer: D . Step-by-Step explanation The most commonly abused substance by adolescents is alcohol Answer: D. alcohol FINAL ption b is correct.