Academiejaar 2020-2021
INKOOPLOGISTI
EK &
VOORRAADBEH
EER
,Inhoudsopgave
Inkooplogistiek en voorraadbeheer................................................................................................................ 5
Hoofdstuk 1: de rol van inkoop binnen de keten van vraag en aanbod............................................................5
1.1 Introductie......................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Inkoop in de keten van vraag en aanbod.......................................................................................................5
Het Propeller Model – waardenperspectieven...............................................................................................5
Waardeketen van Porter.................................................................................................................................9
1.3 Definities en begripsafbakening...................................................................................................................11
1.4 Het cyclisch inkoopproces............................................................................................................................12
1.5 Inkoop voor bedrijven of publieke instellingen............................................................................................13
1.6 Het belang van goed inkopen......................................................................................................................13
1.7 Inkoop goederenclassificatie........................................................................................................................14
1.8 Trends en ontwikkelingen............................................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 2: Inkoopprocessen: structuur en besluitvorming........................................................................15
1. Introductie......................................................................................................................................................15
2. Koopgedrag van consumenten en organisaties.............................................................................................15
3. Waarom is inkopen voor organisaties complex?...........................................................................................15
4. Multidisciplinaire inkoopteams......................................................................................................................18
5. Lineair inkoopproces......................................................................................................................................19
6. Cyclisch inkoopproces.....................................................................................................................................20
7. Inkoopprocesbeheersing in de praktijk: knelpunten......................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 3: management en inkoop........................................................................................................... 23
3.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................23
3.2 Primaire taken en verantwoordelijkheden...................................................................................................23
3.3 Professionalisering van inkoop: enkele principes.........................................................................................25
3.4 Elementen van het inkoopmanagementproces...........................................................................................25
3.5 Inkoopontwikkelingsmodel..........................................................................................................................26
3.6 Op weg naar Purchasing Excellence.............................................................................................................27
3.7 Businessgedreven inkoop.............................................................................................................................31
3.8 Enkele praktijkobservaties...........................................................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 4: organisatie van inkoop............................................................................................................ 32
4.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Wat bepaalt de positie van inkoop?............................................................................................................32
4.3 Taken, bevoegdheden en verantwoordelijkheden van inkoop....................................................................32
4.5 Organisatievormen in inkoop.......................................................................................................................32
Organisatie met meerdere vestigingen (multi-plant ondernemingen).........................................................32
Lijnstaforganisatie..........................................................................................................................................33
Inkoopcoördinatie.........................................................................................................................................33
, Crossfunctionele sourcingsteams..................................................................................................................34
4.6 Centraal of decentraal inkopen?..................................................................................................................34
4.7 Inkoopcombinaties.......................................................................................................................................34
4.8 De inkooporganisatie bij organisaties met een enkele vestiging.................................................................34
4.10 Het profiel van de inkoper..........................................................................................................................35
Hoofdstuk 5: inkoopanalyse en -strategie..................................................................................................... 36
5.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................36
5.2 Voorbereiding, inkoopmarktonderzoek en de rol van internet....................................................................36
5.3 Inkooponderzoek: interne analyses..............................................................................................................37
5.4 Inkoopmarktonderzoek: externe analyses...................................................................................................39
Marktvormen.................................................................................................................................................39
5-krachtenmodel van Porter.........................................................................................................................39
STEP-analyse..................................................................................................................................................40
SGP-paradigma..............................................................................................................................................40
Kostenanalyse................................................................................................................................................40
Bedrijfstakanalyse..........................................................................................................................................40
Leveranciersanalyse.......................................................................................................................................40
Aanbestedingsanalyse...................................................................................................................................40
Jurisprudentie & schandalenanalyse.............................................................................................................40
5.5 Category sourcing plan................................................................................................................................41
5.6 Zeven strategische vragen...........................................................................................................................42
5.7 Een pragmatische aanpak: betere resultaten van leveranciers...................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 6: inkooptraject en implementatie..............................................................................................45
6.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................45
6.2 Voorbereiden inkooptraject.........................................................................................................................45
6.3 Uitvoeren inkooptraject: specificatie en selectie.........................................................................................46
Stap 1: De inkooporderspecificatie...............................................................................................................46
Stap 2: De leverancierskeuze.........................................................................................................................48
6.4 Uitvoeren inkooptraject: onderhandelen en contracteren..........................................................................52
6.5 Best Value of prestatie-inkoop.....................................................................................................................55
6.6 Aanbestedingswet -> behandelen we niet...................................................................................................56
6.7 Contractimplementatie................................................................................................................................56
Hoofdstuk 7: Operationele inkoop en informatiesystemen...........................................................................58
7.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................58
7.2 Operationele inkoop gedefinieerd................................................................................................................58
7.3 Bestellen.......................................................................................................................................................59
7.4 Bewaken.......................................................................................................................................................59
7.5 Nazorg en evaluatie.....................................................................................................................................62
7.6 Prestatie-indicatoren operationele inkoop..................................................................................................63
7.7 e-Procurement..............................................................................................................................................63
7.8 Samenvatting...............................................................................................................................................65
, Hoofdstuk 8: contractbeheer en leveranciersmanagement...........................................................................66
8.1 Introductie`...................................................................................................................................................66
8.2 Begrippen en definities.................................................................................................................................66
8.3 De relevantie van goed beheer....................................................................................................................67
8.4 Contractbeheer.............................................................................................................................................67
8.5 Prestatiemanagement..................................................................................................................................67
Hoofdstuk 9: Risico- en stakeholdersmanagement.......................................................................................70
9.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................70
9.2 Stakeholdermanagement: definities en begrippen......................................................................................70
9.3 Stakeholders van inkoop..............................................................................................................................71
9.4 Stakeholders detecteren en managen.........................................................................................................71
9.5 Risicomanagement: definities en begrippen................................................................................................73
9.6 Risicomanagementproces en risico-identificatie.........................................................................................74
9.6 Welke risico’s gaan we managen en hoe?...................................................................................................74
Hoofdstuk 10: Duurzaamheid, integriteit en ethiek......................................................................................76
10.1 Introductie..................................................................................................................................................76
10.2 Businessprincipes en inkoop.......................................................................................................................76
10.3 Op weg naar een duurzame samenleving: over ‘People, Planet, Profit’....................................................77
10.4 Duurzaam inkopen: op weg naar een duurzame toeleveringsketen.........................................................77
10.5 Hoe focus op duurzaamheid inkoop verandert..........................................................................................78
10.7 Integriteit en inkoopethiek.........................................................................................................................78
Hoofdstuk 11: uitbesteding (verdieping)....................................................................................................... 79
11.1 Uitbesteding als bedrijfsconcept................................................................................................................79
11.2 Definities en concepten..............................................................................................................................79
11.3 Redenen voor uitbesteding........................................................................................................................80
11.4 Het uitbestedingsproces.............................................................................................................................81
Fase 1: Strategische fase................................................................................................................................81
Fase 2: De overgangs- of transitiefase...........................................................................................................83
FASE 3: Operationele fase.............................................................................................................................85
11.5 Kritische succesfactoren bij uitbesteding...................................................................................................85
Hoofdstuk 12: inkoop, ontwikkeling en kwaliteitszorg (verdieping)..............................................................86
12.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................86
12.2 Betrokkenheid inkoop in voortraject van het ontwikkelingsproces...........................................................86
12.3 Voordelen en risico’s van het vroegtijdig betrekken van leveranciers in de productontwikkeling............88
12.4 Inkoop en kwaliteitszorg............................................................................................................................88
12.5 Leverancierskwaliteit vaststellen: diagnostische methodes......................................................................91
12.6 Invoeren van Supplier Quality Assurance (SQA): gevolgen voor inkoop....................................................91
Hoofdstuk 13: effectiviteits-en efficiëntiemeting (verdieping).......................................................................92
INKOOPLOGISTI
EK &
VOORRAADBEH
EER
,Inhoudsopgave
Inkooplogistiek en voorraadbeheer................................................................................................................ 5
Hoofdstuk 1: de rol van inkoop binnen de keten van vraag en aanbod............................................................5
1.1 Introductie......................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Inkoop in de keten van vraag en aanbod.......................................................................................................5
Het Propeller Model – waardenperspectieven...............................................................................................5
Waardeketen van Porter.................................................................................................................................9
1.3 Definities en begripsafbakening...................................................................................................................11
1.4 Het cyclisch inkoopproces............................................................................................................................12
1.5 Inkoop voor bedrijven of publieke instellingen............................................................................................13
1.6 Het belang van goed inkopen......................................................................................................................13
1.7 Inkoop goederenclassificatie........................................................................................................................14
1.8 Trends en ontwikkelingen............................................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 2: Inkoopprocessen: structuur en besluitvorming........................................................................15
1. Introductie......................................................................................................................................................15
2. Koopgedrag van consumenten en organisaties.............................................................................................15
3. Waarom is inkopen voor organisaties complex?...........................................................................................15
4. Multidisciplinaire inkoopteams......................................................................................................................18
5. Lineair inkoopproces......................................................................................................................................19
6. Cyclisch inkoopproces.....................................................................................................................................20
7. Inkoopprocesbeheersing in de praktijk: knelpunten......................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 3: management en inkoop........................................................................................................... 23
3.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................23
3.2 Primaire taken en verantwoordelijkheden...................................................................................................23
3.3 Professionalisering van inkoop: enkele principes.........................................................................................25
3.4 Elementen van het inkoopmanagementproces...........................................................................................25
3.5 Inkoopontwikkelingsmodel..........................................................................................................................26
3.6 Op weg naar Purchasing Excellence.............................................................................................................27
3.7 Businessgedreven inkoop.............................................................................................................................31
3.8 Enkele praktijkobservaties...........................................................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 4: organisatie van inkoop............................................................................................................ 32
4.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Wat bepaalt de positie van inkoop?............................................................................................................32
4.3 Taken, bevoegdheden en verantwoordelijkheden van inkoop....................................................................32
4.5 Organisatievormen in inkoop.......................................................................................................................32
Organisatie met meerdere vestigingen (multi-plant ondernemingen).........................................................32
Lijnstaforganisatie..........................................................................................................................................33
Inkoopcoördinatie.........................................................................................................................................33
, Crossfunctionele sourcingsteams..................................................................................................................34
4.6 Centraal of decentraal inkopen?..................................................................................................................34
4.7 Inkoopcombinaties.......................................................................................................................................34
4.8 De inkooporganisatie bij organisaties met een enkele vestiging.................................................................34
4.10 Het profiel van de inkoper..........................................................................................................................35
Hoofdstuk 5: inkoopanalyse en -strategie..................................................................................................... 36
5.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................36
5.2 Voorbereiding, inkoopmarktonderzoek en de rol van internet....................................................................36
5.3 Inkooponderzoek: interne analyses..............................................................................................................37
5.4 Inkoopmarktonderzoek: externe analyses...................................................................................................39
Marktvormen.................................................................................................................................................39
5-krachtenmodel van Porter.........................................................................................................................39
STEP-analyse..................................................................................................................................................40
SGP-paradigma..............................................................................................................................................40
Kostenanalyse................................................................................................................................................40
Bedrijfstakanalyse..........................................................................................................................................40
Leveranciersanalyse.......................................................................................................................................40
Aanbestedingsanalyse...................................................................................................................................40
Jurisprudentie & schandalenanalyse.............................................................................................................40
5.5 Category sourcing plan................................................................................................................................41
5.6 Zeven strategische vragen...........................................................................................................................42
5.7 Een pragmatische aanpak: betere resultaten van leveranciers...................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 6: inkooptraject en implementatie..............................................................................................45
6.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................45
6.2 Voorbereiden inkooptraject.........................................................................................................................45
6.3 Uitvoeren inkooptraject: specificatie en selectie.........................................................................................46
Stap 1: De inkooporderspecificatie...............................................................................................................46
Stap 2: De leverancierskeuze.........................................................................................................................48
6.4 Uitvoeren inkooptraject: onderhandelen en contracteren..........................................................................52
6.5 Best Value of prestatie-inkoop.....................................................................................................................55
6.6 Aanbestedingswet -> behandelen we niet...................................................................................................56
6.7 Contractimplementatie................................................................................................................................56
Hoofdstuk 7: Operationele inkoop en informatiesystemen...........................................................................58
7.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................58
7.2 Operationele inkoop gedefinieerd................................................................................................................58
7.3 Bestellen.......................................................................................................................................................59
7.4 Bewaken.......................................................................................................................................................59
7.5 Nazorg en evaluatie.....................................................................................................................................62
7.6 Prestatie-indicatoren operationele inkoop..................................................................................................63
7.7 e-Procurement..............................................................................................................................................63
7.8 Samenvatting...............................................................................................................................................65
, Hoofdstuk 8: contractbeheer en leveranciersmanagement...........................................................................66
8.1 Introductie`...................................................................................................................................................66
8.2 Begrippen en definities.................................................................................................................................66
8.3 De relevantie van goed beheer....................................................................................................................67
8.4 Contractbeheer.............................................................................................................................................67
8.5 Prestatiemanagement..................................................................................................................................67
Hoofdstuk 9: Risico- en stakeholdersmanagement.......................................................................................70
9.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................................70
9.2 Stakeholdermanagement: definities en begrippen......................................................................................70
9.3 Stakeholders van inkoop..............................................................................................................................71
9.4 Stakeholders detecteren en managen.........................................................................................................71
9.5 Risicomanagement: definities en begrippen................................................................................................73
9.6 Risicomanagementproces en risico-identificatie.........................................................................................74
9.6 Welke risico’s gaan we managen en hoe?...................................................................................................74
Hoofdstuk 10: Duurzaamheid, integriteit en ethiek......................................................................................76
10.1 Introductie..................................................................................................................................................76
10.2 Businessprincipes en inkoop.......................................................................................................................76
10.3 Op weg naar een duurzame samenleving: over ‘People, Planet, Profit’....................................................77
10.4 Duurzaam inkopen: op weg naar een duurzame toeleveringsketen.........................................................77
10.5 Hoe focus op duurzaamheid inkoop verandert..........................................................................................78
10.7 Integriteit en inkoopethiek.........................................................................................................................78
Hoofdstuk 11: uitbesteding (verdieping)....................................................................................................... 79
11.1 Uitbesteding als bedrijfsconcept................................................................................................................79
11.2 Definities en concepten..............................................................................................................................79
11.3 Redenen voor uitbesteding........................................................................................................................80
11.4 Het uitbestedingsproces.............................................................................................................................81
Fase 1: Strategische fase................................................................................................................................81
Fase 2: De overgangs- of transitiefase...........................................................................................................83
FASE 3: Operationele fase.............................................................................................................................85
11.5 Kritische succesfactoren bij uitbesteding...................................................................................................85
Hoofdstuk 12: inkoop, ontwikkeling en kwaliteitszorg (verdieping)..............................................................86
12.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................86
12.2 Betrokkenheid inkoop in voortraject van het ontwikkelingsproces...........................................................86
12.3 Voordelen en risico’s van het vroegtijdig betrekken van leveranciers in de productontwikkeling............88
12.4 Inkoop en kwaliteitszorg............................................................................................................................88
12.5 Leverancierskwaliteit vaststellen: diagnostische methodes......................................................................91
12.6 Invoeren van Supplier Quality Assurance (SQA): gevolgen voor inkoop....................................................91
Hoofdstuk 13: effectiviteits-en efficiëntiemeting (verdieping).......................................................................92
