COMMUNICATION
In unicellular organisms cells communicate via short
peptides in multicellular peptides proteins amino acids
steroids etc are involved
Cell signal signal is both local and long distance
Local Contact Cell to cell signalling paracrine autocrine
synaptic
Long distance Endocrine t neuronal
signalling Paracrinesignalling
1 Local
signalling in which the target ceil is close
to the signal releasing cell and the signal
chemical is broken down quickly to
too
be carried to other parts of the body
Example Insulin like growth factor in
melanoma clotting agents in thrombus formation
, B Neuronal synaptic signalling
From a nerve to a
target ceil
e
g muscle
Example In
breathing the
phrenic nerve
neuron and the
diaphragm muscle
c Autocrine
signalling
A form of which the
signalling in
cell secretes a chemical messenger
that signals to the same cell
Example Cancer cells
2
long distance Endocrine Ginsu1 in hormone
Food Increased blood glucose Release of Iris ulin from
the pancreas islets of lager naans Insulin travels in the
blood to stimulate glucose uptake into muscle liver 1 fat
cells
B Neuronal Brain to organs muscles etc
In unicellular organisms cells communicate via short
peptides in multicellular peptides proteins amino acids
steroids etc are involved
Cell signal signal is both local and long distance
Local Contact Cell to cell signalling paracrine autocrine
synaptic
Long distance Endocrine t neuronal
signalling Paracrinesignalling
1 Local
signalling in which the target ceil is close
to the signal releasing cell and the signal
chemical is broken down quickly to
too
be carried to other parts of the body
Example Insulin like growth factor in
melanoma clotting agents in thrombus formation
, B Neuronal synaptic signalling
From a nerve to a
target ceil
e
g muscle
Example In
breathing the
phrenic nerve
neuron and the
diaphragm muscle
c Autocrine
signalling
A form of which the
signalling in
cell secretes a chemical messenger
that signals to the same cell
Example Cancer cells
2
long distance Endocrine Ginsu1 in hormone
Food Increased blood glucose Release of Iris ulin from
the pancreas islets of lager naans Insulin travels in the
blood to stimulate glucose uptake into muscle liver 1 fat
cells
B Neuronal Brain to organs muscles etc
