Amino acid metabolism

AMINO ACIDS
Families of amino acids
Common amino acids are grouped
togetherdependingon what

their side chains are

Acidic
Basic
Uncharged polar
non polar

All amino acids can exist
as 1 of 2 optical isomers
except glycine
Only L forms are useful
in humans


Of the 20 amino acids It can be synthesised t 9 can't
Essential amino acids are found elsewhere

, Three major uses
To produce metabolic energy
To make protein
To make other molecules e g urea A carrier of
waste nitrogen
The carbon skeleton of
amino acids can be glucogenic
ketogenic or both



A Glucogenic The C skeletons
are
degraded to pyruvate or
TCA cycle intermediates which
are precursors for
glucogenesis
or
they can be converted to glycogen
fatty acids for
Storage May also be catabolised for energy in the TCA
cycle

B Ketogenic Carbon skeleton
degrade to
acetyl CoA
or a Ceto acetate Can be catabolised for energy is the
TCA converted to bodies acids
cycle or ketone
fatty
They CANNOT be converted to glucose


C g Phenylalanine is both ketogenic and glycogenic
When glycogenic Phenylalanine Tyrosine