Summary Detailed anatomy & physiology of shoulder complex

SHOULDER
 Normal shoulder function is important for throwing sport & everyday function
 Glenohumeral joint → ball & socket
o Glenoid cavity has shallow socket & is inherently unstable


BONES OF SHOULDER
 3 bones make up the shoulder

Scapula
 Flat & triangular, 3 borders (superior, medial & lateral) & 2 angles(superior & inferior)
 Several large fossae

,Ligament & muscle attachments
 Conoid ligament(cone-shaped) of coracoclavicular ligament
o attaches clavicle to scapula(coracoid)
 Coracoacromial ligament
o attaches acromion to coracoid
 Coracobrachialis & short head biceps
o Coracobrachialis muscle attaches coracoid to sternum
 Deltoid muscle
 Inferior belly of omohyoid
 Infraspinatus muscle
 Latissimus dorsi muscle
 Levator scapulae muscle
 Long head of triceps
 Pectoralis minor moves scapula
o Pectoralis major moves humerus
 Rhomboid major &
 Rhomboid minor
o attaches to scapula on medial side & pulls the scapula to the spine
 Serratus anterior
o attaches to scapula & assists with protraction and retraction of the shoulder
 Subscapularis muscle
 Superior transverse scapular ligament
 Supraspinatus muscle lies above scapula spine
 Teres major (below teres minor)
 Teres minor & intervening groove for circumflex scapular artery
o Two parts of teres minor muscle
 Trapezius helps move the scapula in all different direction
 Trapezoid ligament of coracoclavicular ligament

, ANTERIOR POSTERIOR




Humerus (proximal)
 Head projects medially & superiorly → articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
 Tubercles
 Attachment of rotator cuff muscles:
→ subscapularis
→ infraspinatus
→ supraspinatus
→ teres minor
 Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
 Tendon of long head of biceps brachii passes through
 Lips & floor of sulcus
 Attachment of pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi & teres major
 Attachment for deltoid muscle (deltoid tuberosity) laterally & coracobrachialis medially
 Radial sulcus/groove