NR_503 Final Exam Final Quiz Concepts to Review:

NR_503 Final Exam Final Quiz Concepts to Review: Final Quiz Concepts to Review: -Health Disparities: Health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. Health disparities are inequitable and are directly related to the historical and current unequal distribution of social, political, economic, and environmental resources. Disparities occur across many dimensions, including race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, location, gender, disability status, and sexual orientation. -Action Model The Action Model addresses the places where health starts — where we live, learn, work, and play. The action model shows a feedback loop of intervention, assessment and dissemination that would enable achievement of Healthy People 2020 overarching goals. It is adapted from an Institute of Medicine (IOM) model that illustrates the determinants and ecological nature of health across the life course. Interventions, such as policies, programs and information, affect the determinants of health at multiple levels (e.g., individual; social, family and community; living and working conditions; and broad social, economic, cultural, health and environmental conditions) to improve outcomes. Results of such interventions are demonstrated through assessment, monitoring and evaluation. Through dissemination of evidence-based and best practices, these findings feedback to intervention planning to enable the identification of effective prevention strategies in the future. (helps to improve outcome) A Call to Action: It falls to nurses and midwives, the most numerous and arguably most patientcentered component of the health workforce, to assume a leadership role in addressing planetary health. Leadership begins with educating ourselves, students, staff, patients, and communities. Engagement in political and policy processes are needed-and can take many forms. Even small measures may have impact. Local level sustainability and readiness is meaningful at one's university, hospital, and or health system levels. * Learning-and teaching-about planetary health is a key productive action. The collective changes possible with law and policy changes-in short, better governance-are necessary to limit further harm. * Communication about planetary health matters requires special care to keep emotions even keeled and avoid an apocalyptic focus. Just as gain-framed messages are demonstrably more effective in health prevention strategies for individuals, prevention in the planetary health domain can include emphasis on improved economies, jobs, population health, and social justice. -HP2020 Goals Healthy People 2020 is the federal government’s prevention agenda for building a healthier nation. It is a statement of national health objectives designed to identify the most significant preventable threats to health and to establish national goals to reduce these threats. The vision of Healthy People 2020 is to have a society in which all people live long, healthy lives. The overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 are to: attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death; achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups; create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. -Epidemiological Triangle The epidemiologic triangle is a model for explaining the organism causing the disease and the conditions that allow it to reproduce and spread. The epidemiologic triangle consist of the agent, the host and the environment. - Vulnerable populations Vulnerable populations include patients who are racial or ethnic minorities, children, elderly, socioeconomically disadvantaged, underinsured or those with certain medical conditions. Members of vulnerable populations often have health conditions that are exacerbated by unnecessarily inadequate healthcare. -Risk Measurements NR503: Final study guide Cultural competence- Cultural competence is defined as the ability of providers and organizations to effectively deliver health care services that meet the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients.1 A culturally competent health care system can help improve health outcomes and quality of care, and can contribute to the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities. Examples of strategies to move the health care system towards these goals include providing relevant training on cultural competence and cross-cultural issues to health professionals and creating policies that reduce administrative and linguistic barriers to patient care. -Culturally Competent Care Culturally competent care is defined as care that respects diversity in the patient population and cultural factors that can affect health and health care, such as language, communication styles, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Cultural competence in healthcare refers to the ability for healthcare professionals to demonstrate cultural competence toward patients with diverse values, beliefs, and feelings Cultural competence is defined as “a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they render care Cultural Awareness- Someone's cultural awareness is their understanding of the differences between themselves and people from other countries or other backgrounds, especially differences in attitudes and values. Norms- are the agreed‐upon expectations and rules by which a culture guides the behavior of its members in any given situation. Of course, norms vary widely across cultural groups. Americans, for instance, maintain direct eye contact when conversing with others. Asians, on the other hand, may avert their eyes as a sign of politeness and respect. Values- Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. Values have major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations. Some common business values are fairness, innovation and community involvement. Kleinman Explanatory Model- consists of three sectors: The popular sector, the professional sector, and the folk sector. The model can be used to determine how individuals make decisions. Socioeconomic Status- (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation. Disparities- Although the term disparities is often interpreted to mean racial or ethnic disparities, many dimensions of disparity exist in the United States, particularly in health. If a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between populations, there is disparity. Race or ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, age, disability, socioeconomic status, and geographic location all contribute to an individual’s ability to achieve good health. It is important to recognize the impact that social determinants have on health outcomes of specific populations. Healthy People strives to improve the health of all groups.