NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Question 1
pts
Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes
containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?
Hemolytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Myasthenia gravis
Only the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody
against the host DNA produce tissue damage in individuals with systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE).
Question 2
pts
How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?
An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.
Chest wall compliance is higher in infants than it is in adults, particularly in
premature infants.
Question 3
pts
,NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains
meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a
posterior arch of a vertebra?
Encephalocele
Meningocele
Spina bifida occulta
Myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele is a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst containing meninges,
spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the
posterior arch of a vertebra. The remaining options are not appropriate terms to
identity the described condition.
Question 4
pts
Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?
6 to 8 weeks
8 to 12 months
Until the iron level is normal
The rest of one’s life
Because PA cannot be cured, maintenance therapy is a life-long endeavor.
Question 5
pts
Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which
chemical mediator?
,NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Leukotriene
Histamine
Prostaglandin
Bradykinin
Cytokines seem to raise the thermoregulatory set point through stimulation of
prostaglandin synthesis and turnover in thermoregulatory (brain) and
nonthermoregulatory (peripheral) tissues. The other options do not accurately
identify the appropriate chemical mediator.
Question 6
pts
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines grade 1 (overweight) as a BMI of:
18.5 to 24.9
25 to 29.9
30 to 39.9
40 to 50.9
A BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 is considered a grade 1 (overweight) classification. A
BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 is considered normal range, whereas 30 to 39.9
kg/m2 is a grade 2 (severe overweight) classification, and a BMI higher than 40
kg/m2 is considered grade 3 (morbidly overweight).
IncorrectQuestion 7
pts
When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the
newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?
Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother’s
circulation is no longer possible.
, NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment.
The liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to
water-soluble form.
The destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth.
Hyperbilirubinemia occurs in the neonate after birth because excretion of lipid-
soluble unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta is no longer possible. This
selection is the only option that accurately explains why HDN causes
hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero.
Question 8
pts
Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?
Increasing rate and depth of breathing
Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction
Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen
Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin
Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the
pulmonary and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in
an attempt to increase the availability of oxygen. This selection is the only option
that accurately describes the compensation mechanism in such anemias.
Question 9
pts
An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper
sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse and a
thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital
heart defect?
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Question 1
pts
Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes
containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?
Hemolytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Myasthenia gravis
Only the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody
against the host DNA produce tissue damage in individuals with systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE).
Question 2
pts
How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?
An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.
Chest wall compliance is higher in infants than it is in adults, particularly in
premature infants.
Question 3
pts
,NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains
meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a
posterior arch of a vertebra?
Encephalocele
Meningocele
Spina bifida occulta
Myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele is a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst containing meninges,
spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the
posterior arch of a vertebra. The remaining options are not appropriate terms to
identity the described condition.
Question 4
pts
Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?
6 to 8 weeks
8 to 12 months
Until the iron level is normal
The rest of one’s life
Because PA cannot be cured, maintenance therapy is a life-long endeavor.
Question 5
pts
Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which
chemical mediator?
,NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Leukotriene
Histamine
Prostaglandin
Bradykinin
Cytokines seem to raise the thermoregulatory set point through stimulation of
prostaglandin synthesis and turnover in thermoregulatory (brain) and
nonthermoregulatory (peripheral) tissues. The other options do not accurately
identify the appropriate chemical mediator.
Question 6
pts
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines grade 1 (overweight) as a BMI of:
18.5 to 24.9
25 to 29.9
30 to 39.9
40 to 50.9
A BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 is considered a grade 1 (overweight) classification. A
BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 is considered normal range, whereas 30 to 39.9
kg/m2 is a grade 2 (severe overweight) classification, and a BMI higher than 40
kg/m2 is considered grade 3 (morbidly overweight).
IncorrectQuestion 7
pts
When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the
newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero?
Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother’s
circulation is no longer possible.
, NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022
Hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment.
The liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to
water-soluble form.
The destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth.
Hyperbilirubinemia occurs in the neonate after birth because excretion of lipid-
soluble unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta is no longer possible. This
selection is the only option that accurately explains why HDN causes
hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero.
Question 8
pts
Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?
Increasing rate and depth of breathing
Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction
Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen
Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin
Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the
pulmonary and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in
an attempt to increase the availability of oxygen. This selection is the only option
that accurately describes the compensation mechanism in such anemias.
Question 9
pts
An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper
sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse and a
thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital
heart defect?
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
