Drug MOA Indication Side Effects Monitoring Contraindications
/Teaching
HTN
Increase urine 1 Line Drug
st
output for HTN
Diuretics Decrease Fluid African
skip in kids Volume. Affects Americans
SV and CO
Thiazides inhibition of AFRICAN ↓K and BMP, Uric Gout, ↓K and Mg,
HCTZ their AMERICAN Mg Acid, K, Ca, ↑Ca, low GFR, high
reabsorption S Dehydratio Mg, BG uric acid,
NA+ and Cl- in ELDERLY n hyperglycemia,
ascending loop w/o DM or ↑ Uric renal conditions
of Henle and the CKD Acid ↑BG (creatinine
distal tubules ↑Ca, clearance < 30)
sexual
dysfunctio
n, sleep
disturbanc
es,
tinnitus,
paresthesi
a, muscle
cramping,
weakness,
hyperglyce
mia
Loop inhibiting the HF, RF (↓ Are dose BMP, Uric Creatinine
Furosemide reabsorption of GFR) edema dependent Acid, clearance < 25
Bumex sodium and associated : electrolytes
*MOST chloride; with CHF, ELECTROLY
EFFECTIVE proximal and cirrhosis, or TE
DIURETIC* distal tubule and renal depletion:
DOSE ascending loop disease; ↓K and
DEPENDENT of Henle patients Mg,
with Dehydratio
chronic n
renal ↑ Uric
insufficienc Acid, ↑BG,
y and those ↓Ca,
needing ototoxicity
severe
diuresis
relative to
,Drug MOA Indication Side Effects Monitoring Contraindications
/Teaching
hypertensio
n and
comorbiditi
es;
pregnancy
K+ Sparing interfere with sHF, Liver ↑K, ↓ Na, Hyperkalemia,
Spironolactone sodium Failure irregular
Amiloride reabsorption at menstruati
the distal on,
tubules, with gynecomas
minor amounts tia,
of potassium electrolyte
excretion abnormali
aldosterone ties
antagonists
collecting ducts
ACE Inhibitors PVR interfering HF Post MI, dry chronic BMP Pregnancy/
Prils with angiotensin CAD, CKD Cough (RX Lactation
*ACE * 2nd line II formation and DM, ARB if RF
for all patients the inhibition of recurrent intolerable Lithium
not AA bradykinin stroke ) NSAIDS
metabolism. prevention Angioede Hypovolemia,
Cornerstone for dilate arteries Diabetic ma (AA) angioedema, not to
DM and veins by Nephropath ↑K be used with ARBs
Reduce blood y Teratogeni or renin inhibitors
volume, venous CVA c
pressure, arterial Pediatric ↓GFR, ,
pressure = DM or RF rash,
preload and ELDERLY FIRST
afterload; down with CKD DOSE
regulate the EFFECT:
sympathetic dizziness,
adrenergic hypotensio
activity by n
blocking the
effects of
angiotensin II on May lead
the sympathetic to Bilateral
nervous release Renal
and re-uptake of Artery
norepinephrine. Stenosis:
S/S = ↑
BP
****ACE/ARBs NOT RX
TOGETHER****
ARB -sartans Block HF, post MI, cough, BMP NOOO
, Drug MOA Indication Side Effects Monitoring Contraindications
/Teaching
Losartan vasoconstriction/ CKD (Better angioedem Pregnancy/Lactatio
(Cozaar) aldosterone Choice than a, n
*2nd line for all selectively blocks ACEI) hyperkale Liver patients
patients not AA effects of HF mia, patients taking ACE
angiotensin Angiotensin II. (Candesarte hypotensio or renin inhibitors,
receptor bind to angio II n& n, fatigue, hyperkalemia
blockers receptors = Valsarten) dizziness, Caution:
dilate arteries Prevent URI, viral Bilat. Renal
Cornerstone for and veins = Card. infections, Stenosis
DM reduced arterial Remodeling cough, Hypovolemia
pressure DM sinusitis,
Diabetic pharyngiti
Decrease Nephropath s, renal
Aldosterone y failure,
release = ↑ ↓ MI, CVA
excretion of NA+ Pediatric
and H2O; affect DM or RF
preload and ELDERLY
afterload with CKD
highly vascular African first dose ECG Grapefruit Juice
selective, Cause American effect: Green Leafy??? HF,
CCB Vasodilation *second flushing, L ventricular
Dihyds Affect Pre/After line* headache, systolic dysfunction
Non-dihyds Load; inhibit the Pediatric excessive pre-existing
movement of Migraine, hypotensio bradycardia
calcium ions DM, CAD n, edema, conduction defect
NEVER USE IN across cell or reflex
HF membranes tachycardi
resulting in a
cardiovascular
muscle
relaxation as
well as
vasodilation.
SLows
conduction
through the AV
node
Dihydropyridines act on smooth B/P control vasodilatio swallow Elderly patients
(Amlodipine, muscle in the Non n ss: whole do with isolated
nifedipine) vascular system Ischemic LV flushing, not crush systolic
peripheral Systolic headache, hypertension; HF
**AFRICAN vascular smooth Dysfunction palpitation
AMERICANS*** muscle selective s, excessive
*USED FOR hypotensio
HTN* n,
/Teaching
HTN
Increase urine 1 Line Drug
st
output for HTN
Diuretics Decrease Fluid African
skip in kids Volume. Affects Americans
SV and CO
Thiazides inhibition of AFRICAN ↓K and BMP, Uric Gout, ↓K and Mg,
HCTZ their AMERICAN Mg Acid, K, Ca, ↑Ca, low GFR, high
reabsorption S Dehydratio Mg, BG uric acid,
NA+ and Cl- in ELDERLY n hyperglycemia,
ascending loop w/o DM or ↑ Uric renal conditions
of Henle and the CKD Acid ↑BG (creatinine
distal tubules ↑Ca, clearance < 30)
sexual
dysfunctio
n, sleep
disturbanc
es,
tinnitus,
paresthesi
a, muscle
cramping,
weakness,
hyperglyce
mia
Loop inhibiting the HF, RF (↓ Are dose BMP, Uric Creatinine
Furosemide reabsorption of GFR) edema dependent Acid, clearance < 25
Bumex sodium and associated : electrolytes
*MOST chloride; with CHF, ELECTROLY
EFFECTIVE proximal and cirrhosis, or TE
DIURETIC* distal tubule and renal depletion:
DOSE ascending loop disease; ↓K and
DEPENDENT of Henle patients Mg,
with Dehydratio
chronic n
renal ↑ Uric
insufficienc Acid, ↑BG,
y and those ↓Ca,
needing ototoxicity
severe
diuresis
relative to
,Drug MOA Indication Side Effects Monitoring Contraindications
/Teaching
hypertensio
n and
comorbiditi
es;
pregnancy
K+ Sparing interfere with sHF, Liver ↑K, ↓ Na, Hyperkalemia,
Spironolactone sodium Failure irregular
Amiloride reabsorption at menstruati
the distal on,
tubules, with gynecomas
minor amounts tia,
of potassium electrolyte
excretion abnormali
aldosterone ties
antagonists
collecting ducts
ACE Inhibitors PVR interfering HF Post MI, dry chronic BMP Pregnancy/
Prils with angiotensin CAD, CKD Cough (RX Lactation
*ACE * 2nd line II formation and DM, ARB if RF
for all patients the inhibition of recurrent intolerable Lithium
not AA bradykinin stroke ) NSAIDS
metabolism. prevention Angioede Hypovolemia,
Cornerstone for dilate arteries Diabetic ma (AA) angioedema, not to
DM and veins by Nephropath ↑K be used with ARBs
Reduce blood y Teratogeni or renin inhibitors
volume, venous CVA c
pressure, arterial Pediatric ↓GFR, ,
pressure = DM or RF rash,
preload and ELDERLY FIRST
afterload; down with CKD DOSE
regulate the EFFECT:
sympathetic dizziness,
adrenergic hypotensio
activity by n
blocking the
effects of
angiotensin II on May lead
the sympathetic to Bilateral
nervous release Renal
and re-uptake of Artery
norepinephrine. Stenosis:
S/S = ↑
BP
****ACE/ARBs NOT RX
TOGETHER****
ARB -sartans Block HF, post MI, cough, BMP NOOO
, Drug MOA Indication Side Effects Monitoring Contraindications
/Teaching
Losartan vasoconstriction/ CKD (Better angioedem Pregnancy/Lactatio
(Cozaar) aldosterone Choice than a, n
*2nd line for all selectively blocks ACEI) hyperkale Liver patients
patients not AA effects of HF mia, patients taking ACE
angiotensin Angiotensin II. (Candesarte hypotensio or renin inhibitors,
receptor bind to angio II n& n, fatigue, hyperkalemia
blockers receptors = Valsarten) dizziness, Caution:
dilate arteries Prevent URI, viral Bilat. Renal
Cornerstone for and veins = Card. infections, Stenosis
DM reduced arterial Remodeling cough, Hypovolemia
pressure DM sinusitis,
Diabetic pharyngiti
Decrease Nephropath s, renal
Aldosterone y failure,
release = ↑ ↓ MI, CVA
excretion of NA+ Pediatric
and H2O; affect DM or RF
preload and ELDERLY
afterload with CKD
highly vascular African first dose ECG Grapefruit Juice
selective, Cause American effect: Green Leafy??? HF,
CCB Vasodilation *second flushing, L ventricular
Dihyds Affect Pre/After line* headache, systolic dysfunction
Non-dihyds Load; inhibit the Pediatric excessive pre-existing
movement of Migraine, hypotensio bradycardia
calcium ions DM, CAD n, edema, conduction defect
NEVER USE IN across cell or reflex
HF membranes tachycardi
resulting in a
cardiovascular
muscle
relaxation as
well as
vasodilation.
SLows
conduction
through the AV
node
Dihydropyridines act on smooth B/P control vasodilatio swallow Elderly patients
(Amlodipine, muscle in the Non n ss: whole do with isolated
nifedipine) vascular system Ischemic LV flushing, not crush systolic
peripheral Systolic headache, hypertension; HF
**AFRICAN vascular smooth Dysfunction palpitation
AMERICANS*** muscle selective s, excessive
*USED FOR hypotensio
HTN* n,
