NR 599 GRADED MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE(VERIFIED)
General principles of Nursing Informatics
• Verbalize the importance of health information systems with clinical practice.
• Have knowledge of types and clinical and administrative uses of health information systems.
• Ensure confidentiality of protected patient health information.
• Assure access control in the use of health information systems.
• Informatics: Science and art of turning data into info.
• Nursing Informatics ANS: The specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and
analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and
wisdom in nursing practice.
o Nursing Informatics supports nurses, consumers, patients, the inter-professional healthcare team,
and all other stakeholders in their decision making in all roles and settings to achieve desired
outcomes.
o 2 Levels NI practice: generalists and informatics-nurse specialists.
Knowledge
• Awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to
support specific task or arrive at a decision
• Information that’s synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized.
• Processed information that helps to clarify or explain some portion in our environment or world that we
can use a as basis for action or upon which we can act.
• Often affected by assumptions and central theories of a scientific discipline and is derived by discovering
patterns of relationships between different clusters of information.
• Answers questions of “why” and “how”
• Data – uninterpreted items, often referred to as data elements. An example might be a person’s weight.
Without additional data elements such as height, age, overall well-being it would be impossible to
interpret the significance of an individual number.
• Information – a group of data elements that have been organized and processed so that one can
interpret the significance of the data elements.
o For example, height, weight, age, and gender are data elements that can be used to calculate the
BMI. The BMI can be used to determine if the individual is underweight, overweight, normal
weight or obese.
[1]
, NR 599 GRADED MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE(VERIFIED)
• Knowledge - is built on a formalization of the relationships and interrelationships between data and
information. A knowledge base makes it possible to understand that an individual may have a calculated
BMI that is over 30 and not be obese.
• At this time, several automated decision support systems included a knowledge base and a set of rules for
applying the knowledge base in a specific situation.
o For example, the knowledge base may include the following information. A fever or elevated
temperature often begins with a chill. At the beginning of the chill the patient’s temperature may
be normal or even sub-normal but in 30 minutes it is likely the patient will have spiked a temp. A
rule might read: if a patient complains of chills, then take the patient’s temperature and repeat in
30 minutes.
Wisdom
• Appropriate use of data, information, and knowledge in making decisions and implementing nursing
actions.
• Guides the nurse in recognizing the situation at hand based on patients’ values, nurse’s experience, and
healthcare knowledge.
• Implies a form of ethics, or knowing why certain things or procedures should or should not be
implemented in healthcare practice.
• Includes the ability to integrate data, information, and knowledge with professional values when
managing specific human problems.
• The use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight so as to exercise sound
judgment in practical matters.
• Thought to be the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge.
• Ability to apply viable and valuable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being
prudent and sensible.
• Appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems.
Scientific Underpinning
• The scientific underpinnings of practice provide the basis of knowledge for advanced nursing practice.
• These scientific underpinnings include sciences such as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and
nursing.
• The sciences underpinning nursing informatics: Nursing science, information science, and computer
science
[2]
, NR 599 GRADED MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE(VERIFIED)
• The advent of nursing science, specifically middle-range nursing theories, expanded the discipline of
nursing. Thorough understanding of nursing theory provides a solid foundation for advanced nursing
practice.
• The importance of using science-based concepts to evaluate and enhance health care delivery and
improve patient outcomes.
The Foundation of Knowledge Model
• Model that proposes that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, and
generating information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives.
• Involves integrating four main kinds of knowledge, which are: knowledge acquisition, knowledge
dissemination, knowledge generation and knowledge processing.
o Knowledge worker: working with info. And generating info and knowledge as a product.
o Knowledge acquirer: Providing convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing
knowledge.
o Knowledge engineers: Designing developing, implementing, and maintaining knowledge.
o Knowledge managers: Capturing and processing collective expertise and distributing it.
o Knowledge developers and generators: Changing and evolving knowledge based on the tasks at
hand and the information available.
• With time, we begin to transform our experiences and applied knowledge into it highest form known
as...wisdom.
• Knowledge is a powerful tool and that nurses focus on information as a key building block of knowledge.
Computer science
• Studies the theory underpinning information and computation and their implementation in computer
systems.
• Looks at how the human mind works from an information processing perspective.
• Studies the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and
application in computer systems.
• Study of storage/memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer or transmission of information in
machines.
• Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous action sequences in the design, efficiency and application of
computer systems, whereas practical implementation problems deal with the software and hardware.
[3]
General principles of Nursing Informatics
• Verbalize the importance of health information systems with clinical practice.
• Have knowledge of types and clinical and administrative uses of health information systems.
• Ensure confidentiality of protected patient health information.
• Assure access control in the use of health information systems.
• Informatics: Science and art of turning data into info.
• Nursing Informatics ANS: The specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and
analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and
wisdom in nursing practice.
o Nursing Informatics supports nurses, consumers, patients, the inter-professional healthcare team,
and all other stakeholders in their decision making in all roles and settings to achieve desired
outcomes.
o 2 Levels NI practice: generalists and informatics-nurse specialists.
Knowledge
• Awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to
support specific task or arrive at a decision
• Information that’s synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized.
• Processed information that helps to clarify or explain some portion in our environment or world that we
can use a as basis for action or upon which we can act.
• Often affected by assumptions and central theories of a scientific discipline and is derived by discovering
patterns of relationships between different clusters of information.
• Answers questions of “why” and “how”
• Data – uninterpreted items, often referred to as data elements. An example might be a person’s weight.
Without additional data elements such as height, age, overall well-being it would be impossible to
interpret the significance of an individual number.
• Information – a group of data elements that have been organized and processed so that one can
interpret the significance of the data elements.
o For example, height, weight, age, and gender are data elements that can be used to calculate the
BMI. The BMI can be used to determine if the individual is underweight, overweight, normal
weight or obese.
[1]
, NR 599 GRADED MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE(VERIFIED)
• Knowledge - is built on a formalization of the relationships and interrelationships between data and
information. A knowledge base makes it possible to understand that an individual may have a calculated
BMI that is over 30 and not be obese.
• At this time, several automated decision support systems included a knowledge base and a set of rules for
applying the knowledge base in a specific situation.
o For example, the knowledge base may include the following information. A fever or elevated
temperature often begins with a chill. At the beginning of the chill the patient’s temperature may
be normal or even sub-normal but in 30 minutes it is likely the patient will have spiked a temp. A
rule might read: if a patient complains of chills, then take the patient’s temperature and repeat in
30 minutes.
Wisdom
• Appropriate use of data, information, and knowledge in making decisions and implementing nursing
actions.
• Guides the nurse in recognizing the situation at hand based on patients’ values, nurse’s experience, and
healthcare knowledge.
• Implies a form of ethics, or knowing why certain things or procedures should or should not be
implemented in healthcare practice.
• Includes the ability to integrate data, information, and knowledge with professional values when
managing specific human problems.
• The use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight so as to exercise sound
judgment in practical matters.
• Thought to be the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge.
• Ability to apply viable and valuable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being
prudent and sensible.
• Appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems.
Scientific Underpinning
• The scientific underpinnings of practice provide the basis of knowledge for advanced nursing practice.
• These scientific underpinnings include sciences such as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and
nursing.
• The sciences underpinning nursing informatics: Nursing science, information science, and computer
science
[2]
, NR 599 GRADED MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE(VERIFIED)
• The advent of nursing science, specifically middle-range nursing theories, expanded the discipline of
nursing. Thorough understanding of nursing theory provides a solid foundation for advanced nursing
practice.
• The importance of using science-based concepts to evaluate and enhance health care delivery and
improve patient outcomes.
The Foundation of Knowledge Model
• Model that proposes that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, and
generating information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives.
• Involves integrating four main kinds of knowledge, which are: knowledge acquisition, knowledge
dissemination, knowledge generation and knowledge processing.
o Knowledge worker: working with info. And generating info and knowledge as a product.
o Knowledge acquirer: Providing convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing
knowledge.
o Knowledge engineers: Designing developing, implementing, and maintaining knowledge.
o Knowledge managers: Capturing and processing collective expertise and distributing it.
o Knowledge developers and generators: Changing and evolving knowledge based on the tasks at
hand and the information available.
• With time, we begin to transform our experiences and applied knowledge into it highest form known
as...wisdom.
• Knowledge is a powerful tool and that nurses focus on information as a key building block of knowledge.
Computer science
• Studies the theory underpinning information and computation and their implementation in computer
systems.
• Looks at how the human mind works from an information processing perspective.
• Studies the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and
application in computer systems.
• Study of storage/memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer or transmission of information in
machines.
• Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous action sequences in the design, efficiency and application of
computer systems, whereas practical implementation problems deal with the software and hardware.
[3]
