Pharm Exam 4
ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics kill all of bacteria or lower the # so the immune system could
kill the rest
Penicillin (ampicillin)
o First massed produced antibiotic
o Beta lactam ring
o Resistance
o Allergic reactions
o Cross hypersensitivity with cephalosporins
Some categories of antibiotics have cross allergy type
reactions
precaution
o Adverse effects: GI
o Caution: renal impairment, oral contraceptives
Antibiotics inducers to oral contraceptives
Level of BC will drop
Only a few antibiotics are inducers
o Side effects: UTI, gonorrhea, peritonitis, pneumonia, septicemia,
meningitis
o Category B
All antibiotics have 3 major adverse effects
o Allergy: most antigenic drug we have, 2nd time given could lead
to anaphylaxis r/t reoccurrence
, o Nephrotoxicity: to decrease potential toxicity, also provide fluids
o Supra infections: normal flora also killed off by antibiotics,
secondary infection (yeast, oral thrush), C. Diff is a GI adverse
effect, can’t get it unless taking an antibiotic
Penicillin Combinations
o B-lactamase inhibitors given with penicillin
o Extend antimicrobial spectrum when combined with
penicillinase-sensitive antibiotics
o Just kills enzyme so the ring will work
Anaphylactic reaction
o SNS surge
o Low BP
o Massive vasodilation from immune system response
o Tachycardia
o Loss of consciousness
Cephalosporins
o Cefalozin
o Largest antibiotic class
o Beta-lactam ring
o Gram-negative infections
o Resistance
o Allergic reactions
o AE: GI
o Caution: renal impairment, anticoagulants (inhibits them),
alcohol (drug-drug interaction), increased INR b/c it’s not being
metabolized
2
ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics kill all of bacteria or lower the # so the immune system could
kill the rest
Penicillin (ampicillin)
o First massed produced antibiotic
o Beta lactam ring
o Resistance
o Allergic reactions
o Cross hypersensitivity with cephalosporins
Some categories of antibiotics have cross allergy type
reactions
precaution
o Adverse effects: GI
o Caution: renal impairment, oral contraceptives
Antibiotics inducers to oral contraceptives
Level of BC will drop
Only a few antibiotics are inducers
o Side effects: UTI, gonorrhea, peritonitis, pneumonia, septicemia,
meningitis
o Category B
All antibiotics have 3 major adverse effects
o Allergy: most antigenic drug we have, 2nd time given could lead
to anaphylaxis r/t reoccurrence
, o Nephrotoxicity: to decrease potential toxicity, also provide fluids
o Supra infections: normal flora also killed off by antibiotics,
secondary infection (yeast, oral thrush), C. Diff is a GI adverse
effect, can’t get it unless taking an antibiotic
Penicillin Combinations
o B-lactamase inhibitors given with penicillin
o Extend antimicrobial spectrum when combined with
penicillinase-sensitive antibiotics
o Just kills enzyme so the ring will work
Anaphylactic reaction
o SNS surge
o Low BP
o Massive vasodilation from immune system response
o Tachycardia
o Loss of consciousness
Cephalosporins
o Cefalozin
o Largest antibiotic class
o Beta-lactam ring
o Gram-negative infections
o Resistance
o Allergic reactions
o AE: GI
o Caution: renal impairment, anticoagulants (inhibits them),
alcohol (drug-drug interaction), increased INR b/c it’s not being
metabolized
2
