Harris_Exam_4 REVIEW REPRODUCTI VE TRACT

REPRODUCTI VE TRACT This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND PUBERTY • Puberty – Complex biological and psychologic process involving sexual development – heralded by the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) • Males- testes begin to produce mature sperm • Females- ovaries begin to release mature ova • When a person is capable of reproduction , puberty is complete. OVERALL HORMONES • Estradiol: breast development- maturation of vagina; uterus ovaries; fat deposits • Estrogen- proliferative hormone- also increased production of growth factors: rapid skeletal growth in both boys and girls • Testosterone- Growth of testes, scrotum, and penis • Inhibin- positive feedback loop- inhibits release of hormones • Progesterone- Secretory hormone- maintains pregnancy- FSH; LH • FSH: • Female - Stimulates growth of immature Graafian follicles ( EGG) to maturation when inhibin is released this shuts down FSH production • Male - Enhances production of androgen-binding protein in select testicular cells, a process critical to spermatogenesis • LH • FEMALE - LH surge triggers ovulation with ovum release and then progesterone production- supports early pregnancy • MALE- Acts on testicular Leydig cells and influences testosterone production DYSMENORRHEA • Primary dysmenorrhea- 50% of adolescents – - Painful menstruation associated with increased prostaglandin release in ovulatory cycles • Secondary dysmenorrhea –Painful menstruation related to pelvic pathologic condition at any time in the menstrual cycle; occurring later in life- requires further w/u AMENORRHEA • Primary amenorrhea- Failure of menarche and absence of menstruation by 13 years of age- without development of secondary sex characteristics of by age 15 • Secondary Amenorrhea – Absence of menstruation for a time equivalent to three or more cycles or 6 months in women who have previously menstruated – Causes • Pregnancy (most common cause) • Anovulation • Dramatic weight loss • Malnutrition or excessive exercise • Hypothyroidism • Polycystic ovary syndrome • Common during early adolescence, perimenopause, and lactation