EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 11TH EDITION BY WOOLFOLK – TEST BANK

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 11TH EDITION BY WOOLFOLK – TEST BANK Chapter 3: Personal, Social, and Emotional Development Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Erikson interprets development from the perspective of what theory? 1. A) Psychosexual 2. B) Psychosocial 3. C) Psychosomatic 4. D) Sociocultural Answer: B Explanation: B) Erikson’s views of development are interpreted from the perspective of psychosocial theory that emphasizes individual changes and the individual’s relationship with the cultural environment. Page Ref: 83 Skill: Knowledge 2) The emphasis in Erikson’s stage theory is on 1. A) behaviors and their consequences. 2. B) the development of moral values. 3. C) the formation of a personal identity. 4. D) the process of acculturation in school settings. Answer: C Explanation: C) According to Erikson’s stage theory, emphasis is placed on the individual’s formation of a self-image or personal identity as he/she resolves each crisis corresponding to the developmental stages. An unhealthy resolution of a crisis may have negative effects on the individual’s self-identity later in life. Page Ref: 83 Skill: Knowledge P: .64 D: .25 3) According to Erikson, if a child fails to resolve a crisis at an early stage, the child is apt to 1. A) encounter problems with resolutions of later crises. 2. B) forget the crisis and progress normally. 3. C) remain at the unresolved stage until the crisis is resolved. 4. D) resolve the crisis at a later stage. Answer: A Explanation: A) Erikson theorized that individuals who fail to resolve a developmental crisis successfully at a particular stage will be likely to encounter problems with resolutions of later crises. Sometimes, the problem can be resolved later, but an unhealthy situation is generally expected. Page Ref: 83 Skill: Knowledge P: .63 D: .34 4) Erikson’s notion of developmental crises can be defined as a 1. A) concern with parental control and self2. B) conflict between a positive and an unhealthy alternative. 3. C) conflict between physical growth and cognitive growth. 4. D) puzzle that may assist a person’s cognitive development. Answer: B Explanation: B) The crises that an individual faces at each developmental stage involve a conflict between a positive alternative and a potentially unhealthy alternative. An example is the trust vs. mistrust crisis during infancy. [Note: Equilibration is a process described by Piaget in which an individual attempts to obtain a state of balance.] Page Ref: 83 Skill: Knowledge P: .57 D: .39 5) Children experiencing the Eriksonian conflict of trust vs. mistrust are also in what Piagetian stage? 1. A) Concrete operations 2. B) Formal operations 3. C) Preoperational thought 4. D) Sensorimotor Answer: D Explanation: D) Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust stage, that takes place during a child’s first year, corresponds to the beginning of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, that occurs from ages zero to two years. Page Ref: 83 Skill: Understanding P: .80 D: .36 6) What does a conflict such as initiative vs. guilt represent in Erikson’s theory? 1. A) A developmental crisis 2. B) Cognitive dissonance 3. C) Disequilibration 4. D) Equilibration Answer: A Explanation: A) According to Erikson’s theory, a conflict such as initiative vs. guilt represents a developmental crisis. Page Ref: 84 Skill: Knowledge 7) Sally is in the stage Erikson calls initiative vs. guilt. Her parents supervise her closely and direct all her activities. The danger is that Sally may 1. A) develop an exaggerated sense of her own abilities. 2. B) eventually grow to mistrust her parents. 3. C) have difficulty trusting her own judgment. 4. D) not learn that some things should never be done. Answer: C Explanation: C) Sally may have difficulty trusting her own judgment. By being overly controlling and strict, her parents are preventing her from developing initiative without experiencing guilt. Page Ref: 84 Skill: Understanding P: .86 D: .17 8) Children who experience autonomy are likely to become more 1. A) aggressive. 2. B) dependent. 3. C) intelligent. 4. D) selfAnswer: D Explanation: D) Children who succeed in developing autonomy are likely to become more selfreliant by attempting to manage the world on their own terms. Page Ref: 83 Skill: Understanding P: .84 D: .19 9) The way that children resolve the autonomy vs. shame and doubt crisis influences their later sense of 1. A) attachment to the family. 2. B) confidence in their own abilities. 3. C) cooperation in groups. 4. D) evaluation of new ideas. Answer: B Explanation: B) During the autonomy vs. shame and doubt period, a child begins to assume responsibilities for self-care (dressing, feeding, etc.). If these activities are not reinforced by parents, children may begin to lose confidence in their abilities to do things for themselves. Page Ref: 84 Skill: Knowledge P: .89 D: .13 10) Francis is no longer satisfied with pretending he has a place of his own. He’s in the third grade now and old enough to build a real playhouse. He sets to work with boards and cardboard, and takes great pleasure in the completed project. Francis is at the stage of 1. A) autonomy vs. doubt and shame. 2. B) generativity vs. self3. C) identity vs. role diffusion. 4. D) industry vs. inferiority. Answer: D Explanation: D) Francis is in the industry vs. inferiority stage. During this stage, children begin to branch out from the home world and cope with academics, group activities, and friends in developing a sense of industry. Accordingly, Francis wants to build the house for himself. Page Ref: 85 Skill: Understanding