Sophia - Environmental Science - Unit 4 Milestone 4. | 2022 latest update 100% correct

1 Choose the statement about renewable and nonrenewable energy sources that is NOT true. • There has been little to no recent growth in renewable energy use due to a lack of environmental concerns with the use of fossil fuels. • Most nonrenewable energy sources can be renewed, but it takes thousands to millions of years for them to form. • New technologies promise future increases in the use of renewable energy sources. • Renewable energy creates little or no waste and has few negative environmental impacts. CONCEPT Non-Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Energy 2 The U.S. policy toward energy supply and demand has included all of the following EXCEPT __________. • providing subsidies for oil • seeking to increase fuel supplies • preventing the free market from determining which energy sources to use • adopting some policies to reduce energy demands CONCEPT Efforts to Address Energy Issues 3 Which of the following describes a natural source of air pollution? • During their vacation, Jim and his family drove their car through several national parks. • A dust storm in 1983 dumped 1,000 pounds of topsoil onto the city of Melbourne, Australia. • Diesel exhaust from idling school buses is a concern for some parents. • Oil refineries on the Gulf Coast release benzene and other volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere. CONCEPT Air Pollution 4 Select the energy source that is non-renewable. • Individual solar cells charge calculator and watch batteries. • Petroleum is used to make gasoline, jet fuel and propane gas. • Corn is converted into ethanol. • Windmills harness the wind's energy to pump groundwater. CONCEPT Energy Renewable Energy Non-Renewable Energy 5 Choose the true statement about sources of air pollution in the United States. • Stationary sources of air pollution are also point sources. • Natural sources of air pollution include household products. • Non-point sources of air pollution are easier to monitor and control. • Mobile sources contribute about half of man-made pollution emissions. CONCEPT Air Pollution 6 One sunny afternoon, Max tried an experiment. He cut the ends off several plastic bottles and slid them over a length of hose. He ran a little water through the hose and left it in the yard for about an hour. When he returned and turned on the water, it was warm as it ran through the hose. What kind of energy was Max using to produce heat? • Hydroelectric • Geothermal • Biomass • Solar CONCEPT Renewable Energy 7 Select the TRUE statement about the Energy Policy Act of 1992. • Established a reserve of oil in the United States in order to prevent gasoline shortages • Required the federal government to assess the environmental impacts of any government action or project • Required the federal government to list stationary or mobile source pollutants that could endanger public health • To set goals for greenhouse gas reductions and provided funding for research in alternative fuels CONCEPT Efforts to Address Air Pollution Efforts to Address Energy Issues Environmental Policy Efforts to Address Climate Change 8 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)? • Decision-makers have access to relevant information before making a decision. • The public can serve as watchdogs for government actions being considered. • Business and industry are allowed to be self-regulating. • The chances that environmental damage can occur are reduced. CONCEPT Environmental Policy 9 Choose the statement about the Kyoto Protocol that is FALSE. • In 1997, many United Nations countries agreed to reduce greenhouse gases. • The agreement would only slightly lower climate change impacts but it was seen as a start. • To track progress, an emphasis was placed on improvement methods and emissions data. • The Kyoto Protocol has been in force in the United States since 2012. CONCEPT Efforts to Address Climate Change 10 Choose the statement that accurately describes natural gas. • It is widely used to heat water boilers, the steam from which drives a turbine that produces electricity. • Fracking has expanded access to methane that occurs naturally in underground pockets. • This liquid energy source has a number of different uses, from fuel to plastics. • Use of this energy source relies upon mined minerals and heat from radioactive decay. CONCEPT Non-Renewable Energy 11 13-14% of the world’s electricity is produced by __________. • Nuclear energy • Coal • Natural gas • Oil CONCEPT Non-Renewable Energy 12 Select the statement about human impact on the environment that is FALSE. • Damaging the environment threatens human and ecosystem health. • The number of humans engaging in a specific activity impacts the severity of the issue. • Pesticide and fertilizer use by humans is particularly damaging to the environment. • Urban growth leads to increased waste, which leads to climate change. CONCEPT Human Impacts & Solutions 13 Choose the action that is NOT associated with the sustainability movement. • A farmer replaces aging water infrastructures on his farm to ensure long-term access to safe drinking water. • A homeowner tends trees in his yard to ensure they will provide maximum benefits for future generations. • A young woman finds a place to live very near to her downtown office building and walks or cycles to work each day. • A restaurant in a large U.S. city imports truffles from France to support international trade. CONCEPT Sustainability and Solutions 14 An increase in __________ in the atmosphere leads to increased global temperatures. • argon • oxygen • carbon dioxide • nitrogen CONCEPT Climate Change 15 Providing energy for our daily lives is responsible for nearly 26% of greenhouse gases emitted, followed by industry at just over 19%. Select the option that places remaining contributors in the correct order, from highest to lowest according to the percentages of greenhouse gases they emit. • Forestry, agriculture, transportation, residential and commercial buildings • Agriculture, transportation, forestry, residential and commercial buildings • Residential and commercial buildings, transportation, agriculture, forestry • Transportation, forestry, residential and commercial buildings, agriculture CONCEPT Causes of Climate Change 16 Jake is a newly hired office manager. One of his goals is to address environmental issues, and he immediately establishes the following office policies. Choose the one that is the least effective. • Using heating and air conditioning only when people are in the office • Turning off all office machinery at the end of each day • Following the “recycle, reuse, reduce” philosophy at work and at home • Installing new computers to increase productivity CONCEPT Looking Forward 17 Select the effect of climate change that describes a disruption in ecological processes. • Rising sea levels erode parts of a beach. • Unexpected flooding spreads contaminants and disease in a city. • Warmer, drier winters cause animals to shift their migration patterns. • Widespread temperature changes affect rainfall patterns. CONCEPT Impacts of Climate Change 18 Efforts to address the amount of water used by humans are part of the sustainability movement. Choose the item that is NOT a goal for sustaining water on Earth. • Convert sea water into fresh water • Harvest rainwater • Find new ways to store water • Limit the amount of available water CONCEPT Sustainability and Solutions 19 Which of the following is a voluntary environmental risk? • Several people fall ill after eating the spinach salad at a restaurant. • Duane moves to a city with heavy amounts of air pollution. • Dwight develops cancer after working in the petrochemical industry. • Samantha uncovers a wasp nest while painting the eaves. CONCEPT Risk 20 When analyzing environmental issues, scientists try to predict future states or events, which is difficult because so many factors are unknown. Nevertheless, predictions are valuable for determining and managing risk. Select the FALSE prediction for the future of the environment. • If rates of deforestation continue, all the forests on Earth will be gone in a hundred years. • Nearly half of the world’s population will face severe water shortages. • Climate change will lead to more extreme weather patterns, including severe storms. • Deforestation threatens plant and animal species, but will have little impact on climate. CONCEPT The Future 21 Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion? • Emphysema, asthma and bronchitis are more prevalent. • Levels of lead, radon or asbestos increase. • Bodies of water become acidic, disrupting ecosystems. • There is an increased rate of skin cancer. CONCEPT Impacts of Air Pollution 22 Which statement about the characteristics of major greenhouse gases is true? • Carbon dioxide is the result of both natural and human sources. • Population growth plays a minor role in the production of greenhouse gases. • The amount of greenhouse gases has decreased since the Industrial Revolution. • Current agricultural practices have reduced methane in the atmosphere. CONCEPT Causes of Climate Change 23 Which statement about the Clean Air Act is FALSE? • The Clean Air Act requires the Environmental Protection Agency to list dangerous pollutants. • Lead was added to the list of pollutants under the Clean Air Act in 1987. • Smog is one of the air pollutants listed under the original Clean Air Act in 1970. • The Clean Air Act sets limits for both stationary and mobile sources of air pollution. CONCEPT Efforts to Address Air Pollution 24 Throughout Earth’s history, there have been warmer periods and colder periods. These temperature changes have had significant impacts on the planet. Choose the statement below that best describes the difference between historical temperature changes and current temperature changes. • Historical temperature changes were abrupt while current changes have been very gradual. • In the past, temperature change was attributed to changes in the atmosphere, while today much of it is attributed to the sun’s waning energy output. • Current warming of the planet is occurring faster than any other known temperature increase. • Current temperatures have been steadily rising for the last 250 years, and, historically, temperatures both rose and fell. CONCEPT Climate Change