GNUR 294 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
Module 14 Part 1
1.1 Pharmacotherapy of the Endocrine System Part 1: Diabetes
Notes:
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,1.2 Diabetes
Notes: prefer glucose 60-100
Pancreas releases insulin from beta and glucagon from alpha
Increased blood glucose leads to release of insulin, which makes the glucose go into the cells
and the remainder goes to liver to convert to glycogen and stored. This decreases the blood
glucose
With low blood glucose, pancreas releases glucagon which stimulated the liver to break down
glycogen stores in the process of glycogenolysis to glucose. This increases the blood glucose
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,1.3 Forms of Diabetes
Notes: gestational- treated with insulin, because oral medications are teratogens with
unknown effects. Insulin is safer
Secondary- pt has abnormal levels of glucocorticoids in form of cortisol which will lead to an
increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream
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, 1.4 Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Notes:
T1- autoimmune triggered by viral infections, caused by near total destruction of beta
cells within the pancreas.
o This leads to a lack of sufficient insulin
o Takes 6-7 months for complete destruction- may not have symptoms until
completely stops producing insulin
o Quick increase in glucose levels
o Usually children, young adults, usually younger than 35 years old
o Underweight
o Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss
o Acts as osmotic diuretic, hypertonic
Pulls fluid from tissues
Leads to significant diuresis
Pt is hypovolemic
o Cells break down fatty acids
Published by Articulate® Storyline www.articulate.com
Module 14 Part 1
1.1 Pharmacotherapy of the Endocrine System Part 1: Diabetes
Notes:
Published by Articulate® Storyline www.articulate.com
,1.2 Diabetes
Notes: prefer glucose 60-100
Pancreas releases insulin from beta and glucagon from alpha
Increased blood glucose leads to release of insulin, which makes the glucose go into the cells
and the remainder goes to liver to convert to glycogen and stored. This decreases the blood
glucose
With low blood glucose, pancreas releases glucagon which stimulated the liver to break down
glycogen stores in the process of glycogenolysis to glucose. This increases the blood glucose
Published by Articulate® Storyline www.articulate.com
,1.3 Forms of Diabetes
Notes: gestational- treated with insulin, because oral medications are teratogens with
unknown effects. Insulin is safer
Secondary- pt has abnormal levels of glucocorticoids in form of cortisol which will lead to an
increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream
Published by Articulate® Storyline www.articulate.com
, 1.4 Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Notes:
T1- autoimmune triggered by viral infections, caused by near total destruction of beta
cells within the pancreas.
o This leads to a lack of sufficient insulin
o Takes 6-7 months for complete destruction- may not have symptoms until
completely stops producing insulin
o Quick increase in glucose levels
o Usually children, young adults, usually younger than 35 years old
o Underweight
o Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss
o Acts as osmotic diuretic, hypertonic
Pulls fluid from tissues
Leads to significant diuresis
Pt is hypovolemic
o Cells break down fatty acids
Published by Articulate® Storyline www.articulate.com
