NURS 3460 Adult 1 Test 2 Study Guide 2021 | Care of Client with Musculoskeletal Issues

NURS 3460 Adult 1 Test 2 Study Guide 2021 Adult 1 Test 2 Study Guide Care of Client with Musculoskeletal Issues: - Assessments with Musculoskeletal System: o History ▪ traumatic injuries, pain management plan, previous or current illness, lifestyle, occupation, allergies, drug and supplement use o Nutrition ▪ Vitamin D, calcium o Family or genetic history o General Inspection ▪ Posture and gait ▪ Mobility and functional assessment ▪ Neurovascular assessment ▪ Psychosocial assessment o Imaging ▪ X-rays, nuclear scans, MRI, ultrasound o Other diagnostics ▪ Arthroscopy, biopsy - Osteoarthritis: o Progressive degeneration of cartilage in a joint o Most common form of arthritis o Pathophysiology ▪ Excessive mechanical stress on weight-bearing joints causes wear and tear on the articular cartilage and the release of irritative enzymes ▪ These enzymes further erode articular cartilage causing localized inflammation, osteophytes (new bone spurs), and limited mobility o Risk Factors ▪ Older age, female gender, obesity, smoking, repetitive stress on joints o Signs & Symptoms/Cues ▪ Persistent joint pain/stiffness, enlarged joints, crepitus, loss of function, Herberden’s nodes (distal interphalangeal joints), Bouchard’s nodes (proximal interphalangeal joints) ▪ Hint: H is Higher up on the finger, B is closer to the Body o Diagnostics/Labs ▪ Joint fluid aspiration ▪ ESR ▪ hsCRP o Diagnostic Imaging ▪ X-rays, MRI o Treatment/Take Action ▪ Medications • Oral analgesics, topical analgesics, topical capsaicin, NSAIDS, glucosamine, injections (glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acid) ▪ Surgery • Total joint arthroplasty – THA or TKA ▪ Patient Education/Take Action • Balance rest with activity, lose weight (if applicable). Stop smoking. Engage in physical therapy, strength training, yoga. Apply ice for acute inflammation or heat for stiffness. Utilize splinting and assistive devices. Take breaks to rest joints if joint stress is common - - - -