SECTION: Cultural Variations in attachment
TOPIC:
SIX SENTENCE SUMMARY OF KEY IDEAS (K/U) KEY WORD GLOSSARY
1. Cultural Variations in attachment refers how the norms and Culture
values within that group has affected the proportions of Meta – analysed
attachment types. Individualist
Collectivist
2. Multiple studies across different cultures replicated the
strange situation to find if the research was ethnocentric.
An Italian study 2014 – repeated the study to test
temporal validity. They found a lower rate of
Ijzendroon + Kroonenberg 1988 – conducted the main study
securely attached babies, suggesting since
testing cultural variations.
previous studies mothers work longer hours and
Across 8 countries they observed 1990 infants and data was us childcare. (Attachment varies in line with
meta analysed. cultural change.)
They found UK and Sweden 75% had the highest % of secure
attachment and China and Germany had the lowest 50% . It was African Tribe ‘Efe’ – were tested and similar
the most common across all cultures. results to the 1988 research was found. This can
disprove the idea that global media influences
Conclusion: attachment as they are more closed off.
Secure attachment being the most common support Bowlby’s
innate theory of attachment, but it clearly shows culture has
effect on attachment types. (Individualistic cultures tend to have
more securely attached pairs than collectivist.)
PEEL STRENGTH
Population validity – they used a large sample in different PEEL WEAKNESS
countries (class, poverty, gender.) This reduces the impact of
unreliable results. (1990 children and 32 studies.) Imposed Etic – when one cultural idea is imposed
Strong support for Ainsworth and Bowlby. into another meaning interpretations are
meaningless. Cultural uniqueness.
However, China’s sample was fairly small meaning it cannot be In Germany insecure behaviour is seen as
used as strong evidence. independence but in the UK it’s seen as a weaker
attachment.
Meaning the research is meaningless.
PEEL WEAKNESS
Confounding Variables – between each region the situation
changes, environment was not standardised. PEEL STRENGTH
Room size, toys / Class, urban, rural
There is lower internal validity as the studies aren’t matched The comparison is supported by reliable and
and cannot definitely identify anything cultural patterns. replicable method. Able to be recorded,
controlled, and repeated making results more
reliable and accurate.
Supports other explanations – if attachment is similar across
culture Bowlby’s theory of innate and universal attachment can
be explained. But others say the global media has taught a
common behaviour for parents to have overriding any
differences.
TOPIC:
SIX SENTENCE SUMMARY OF KEY IDEAS (K/U) KEY WORD GLOSSARY
1. Cultural Variations in attachment refers how the norms and Culture
values within that group has affected the proportions of Meta – analysed
attachment types. Individualist
Collectivist
2. Multiple studies across different cultures replicated the
strange situation to find if the research was ethnocentric.
An Italian study 2014 – repeated the study to test
temporal validity. They found a lower rate of
Ijzendroon + Kroonenberg 1988 – conducted the main study
securely attached babies, suggesting since
testing cultural variations.
previous studies mothers work longer hours and
Across 8 countries they observed 1990 infants and data was us childcare. (Attachment varies in line with
meta analysed. cultural change.)
They found UK and Sweden 75% had the highest % of secure
attachment and China and Germany had the lowest 50% . It was African Tribe ‘Efe’ – were tested and similar
the most common across all cultures. results to the 1988 research was found. This can
disprove the idea that global media influences
Conclusion: attachment as they are more closed off.
Secure attachment being the most common support Bowlby’s
innate theory of attachment, but it clearly shows culture has
effect on attachment types. (Individualistic cultures tend to have
more securely attached pairs than collectivist.)
PEEL STRENGTH
Population validity – they used a large sample in different PEEL WEAKNESS
countries (class, poverty, gender.) This reduces the impact of
unreliable results. (1990 children and 32 studies.) Imposed Etic – when one cultural idea is imposed
Strong support for Ainsworth and Bowlby. into another meaning interpretations are
meaningless. Cultural uniqueness.
However, China’s sample was fairly small meaning it cannot be In Germany insecure behaviour is seen as
used as strong evidence. independence but in the UK it’s seen as a weaker
attachment.
Meaning the research is meaningless.
PEEL WEAKNESS
Confounding Variables – between each region the situation
changes, environment was not standardised. PEEL STRENGTH
Room size, toys / Class, urban, rural
There is lower internal validity as the studies aren’t matched The comparison is supported by reliable and
and cannot definitely identify anything cultural patterns. replicable method. Able to be recorded,
controlled, and repeated making results more
reliable and accurate.
Supports other explanations – if attachment is similar across
culture Bowlby’s theory of innate and universal attachment can
be explained. But others say the global media has taught a
common behaviour for parents to have overriding any
differences.
