NURS 6501 Week 6 Midterm Exam Latest 2021 Walden University

NURS 6501 Midterm Exam Course NURS-6501N- • Question 1 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Platelets • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. • Question 3 1 out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening • Question 4 1 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Expressivity • Question 5 1 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells • Question 7 1 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation • Question 8 1 out of 1 points What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells • Question 9 1 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: mycoplasma • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatostatin • Question 11 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer: Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of increased ammonia. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: Assist with a chest tube insertion. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal convoluted tubules • Question 16 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. • Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected Answer: Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day. • Question 18 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selected Answer: It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. • Question 20 1 out of 1 points What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer • Question 21 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations • Question 22 1 out of 1 points Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? Selected Answer: Increased retention of water • Question 23 1 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selected Answer: Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine • Question 24 1 out of 1 points What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? Selected Answer: Low alveolar partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) • Question 25 1 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women who have a high body mass index • Question 26 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous thrombosis • Question 27 1 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome • Question 28 1 out of 1 points A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these? Selected Answer: Use of glucocorticoids • Question 29 1 out of 1 points What is the cause of functional dysphagia? Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders • Question 30 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases. • Question 31 1 out of 1 points Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Selected Answer: Secondary • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44 mmHg. • Question 33 1 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Endogenous pyrogens • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Posterior pituitary trauma • Question 35 1 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Decrease in repolarization • Question 36 0 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Selected Answer: Has long- standing kidney disease from diabetes • Question 37 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. • Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atria • Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? Selected Answer: Renal failure • Question 40 1 out of 1 points What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? Selected Answer: Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids • Question 41 1 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K ) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na ) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. • Question 42 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn • Question 43 1 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Selected Answer: Ca : 8.2 mg/dL • Question 44 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration • Question 45 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selected Answer: Foreignness • Question 46 1 out of 1 points Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons • Question 47 1 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells • Question 48 1 out of 1 points Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolysis • Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosiderosis • Question 50 1 out of 1 points The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? Selected Answer: stiffness • Question 51 1 out of 1 points What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer • Question 52 1 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what? Selected Answer: Rapid response from IgA • Question 53 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. • Question 54 1 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid.. • Question 55 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selected Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec • Question 56 1 out of 1 points How do free radicals cause cell damage? Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane