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Samenvatting Zenuwstelsel ()

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Anatomie en Fysiologie Thomas More Geel - Zenuwstelsel

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Zenuwstelsel
Uploaded on
January 5, 2022
Number of pages
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Written in
2020/2021
Type
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Anatomie en Fysiologie
Zenuwstelsel
Algemene werking
3 functionele fasen:
- Sensorische input
= Opvangen van prikkels
▪ Sensoren = waarnemen de inwendige en uitwendige veranderingen
- Verwerking
▪ In centrale zenuwstelsel
▪ Info naar hersen of ruggenmerg
▪ Bepaald hoe lichaam reageert
- Motorische output
= effectoren aangestuurd door zenuwstelsel
▪ Hersenen/ruggenmerg sturen remmende of stimulerende impulsen
▪ Effectoren = organen dat reageren

Indeling
Anatomische indeling
= Bouw en ligging van zenuwstelsel
Centrale zenuwstelsel (CZS)
= Hersenen en ruggenmerg
Perifere zenuwstelsel (PZS)
= Verbindingswegen tussen CZS en rest van lichaam
▪ Ruggenmergzenuwen
▪ Grensstreng
▪ Vegetatieve zenuwstelsel
Fysiologische indeling
= Functie van zenuwstelsel
Vegetatieve integratie
= Autonoom zenuwstelsel en onwillekeurig zenuwstelsel
= Coördineert werking tussen verschillende vegetatieve stelsels
▪ Onbewust
▪ Bloeddrukregulatie, ademfrequentie
Richting van het signaal
▪ Informatiestroom 2 richtingen (hersenen of rest van lichaam)
▪ PZS → CZS = afferente informatie (naar toe voerend van)
▪ CZS → PZS = efferente informatie (wegvoerend van)
▪ Geen afferent of efferent = binnen CZS brengt schakeling tot stand




1

, Zenuwweefsel
Neuronen
= Zenuwcel
- Zenuwvezels = draadvormige uitlopers
▪ Axon: vervoert impulsen van cellicaam
▪ Myelineschede: zenuwmergschede
▪ Dendrieten: ontvangen impulsen en vervoeren naar eigen cellichaam
- Sensibele neuronen (= afferente neuronen)
▪ PZS → CZS
- Schakelneuronen (= interneuronen)
▪ Impulsen ene naar andere zenuwcel
- Motorische neuronen (= efferente neuronen)
▪ CZS → PZS
Neuroglia
= Verzorgings- en steunweefsel
- Werking en instandhouding van neuronen
- Voorziet neuronen van O2 en voedingsstoffen
- Beschermende functie
Witte stof en grijze stof
- Witte stof
= Gemengde zenuwen
= Impulsgeleiding
▪ Zenuwen: wit door meyline overheerst
▪ Banen: associatiebanen en commissuren = verbinden korte banen
- Grijze stof
▪ Zitten cellichamen van neuronen
- Ganglia = ophoping zenuwcellichamen en dendrieten in PZS
- Nucleus = ophoping zenuwcellichamen en dendrieten CZS
Impusloverdracht
- Synaps = overdrachtsplaats
Neurotransmitters
= Hormoonachtige stoffen
- Exciterende neurotransmitters: geeft de boodschap door
- Inhiberende neurotransmitters: houd de boodschap tegen

Grote hersenen
= Domein van gedachten, gevoelens, bewuste functies en geheugen
Functies
Motoriek
= Motorische schorsgebieden
- Primaire motorische schors
▪ Animale motoriek
▪ Motorische somatotopie = eigen representatie op motorische schors




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