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Samenvatting Chemistry, ISBN: 9781292348902 chemical basic-vaardigheden

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chemisch evenwicht samenvatting

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Werkcollege 2: Chemisch Evenwicht

Introductie
Vaak reageren stof A en stof B maar voor een deel met elkaar tot stof C. En stof C kan op
zijn beurt weer uit elkaar vallen in stof A en stof B. De reactievergelijking wordt dan:

Stof A + Stof B ⟺ Stof C

In een evenwichtstoestand is er een mengsel aanwezig van de stoffen A, B en C. Waar het
evenwicht precies ligt, hangt af van een groot aantal factoren, zoals de temperatuur, druk en
concentraties van de reagerende stoffen.

Theorie boek pagina 729
aA + bB ⟺ cC + dD

[C]^c[D]^d
Qc(reactie quotient) = --------------------
[A]^a[B]^b

Aantekening filmpje: 38 Evenwichtsligging en evenwichtsvoorwaarde - 1

Dynamisch evenwicht; een bewegend evenwicht.
➢ Hierbij is de reactiesnelheid van de heengaande reactie gelijk aan de teruggaande
reactie, waardoor de concentraties gelijk blijven.

Ligging van het evenwicht:
De concentratie van de stof is heel hoog ⟺ de concentratie van de stof is klein
➢ Het evenwicht ligt links want daar is een hogere concentratie

Bij een evenwicht veranderen de concentraties van een stof niet meer!

[rechts ] producten
K ( evenwichtsvoorwaarde)= =
[links ] reactanten

➢ De blokhaken [ ] betekenen de concentratie van de stof in de blokhaken.
➢ Als er een (s) staat mag je er één (1) van maken of te wel
○ alleen maar gas en aq is de evenwichtsvoorwaarde zetten
■ niet vast en vloeistof.

Aflopend evenwicht:
➢ Als je aan bijvoorbeeld rechts een stof weghaalt loopt de reactie naar links af en
andersom. Haal de CO 2 weg, het is een gas dus je kan het gewoon laten
ontsnappen. Het reactievat is dus open.

, Reaction Dynamics
➢ When a reaction starts, the reactants are consumed and products are made.
○ The reactant concentrations decrease, and the product concentrations
increase.
○ As reactant concentration decreases, the forward reaction rate decreases.

➢ Eventually, the products can react to re-form some of the reactants, assuming the
products are not allowed to escape.
○ As product concentration increases, the reverse reaction rate increases.

➢ Processes that proceed in both the forward and reverse directions are said to be
reversible.
○ reactants → products

Dynamic Equilibrium

➢ As the forward reaction slows and the reverse reaction accelerates, eventually they
reach the same rate.

➢ Dynamic equilibrium is the condition wherein the rates of the forward and reverse
reactions are equal.

➢ Once the reaction reaches equilibrium, the concentrations of all the chemicals remain
constant because the chemicals are being consumed and made at the same rate.

Voorbeeld:

H 2 (g)+ I 2 ( g) →2 HI ( g)

➢ At time 0, there are only reactants in the mixture, so only the forward reaction can
take place.
○ [H2] = 8
○ [I2] = 8
○ [HI] = 0


➢ At time 16, there are both reactants and products in the mixture, so both the forward
reaction and reverse reaction can take place.
○ [H2] = 6
○ [I2] = 6
○ [HI] = 4




➢ At time 32, there are now more products than reactants in the mixture, the forward
reaction has slowed down as the reactants run out, and the reverse reaction
accelerated.

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