PHARM: Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Pharmacology Basics)

PHARM: Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Pharmacology Basics) what two things require a mandatory second nurse verification? What is medication reconciliation? what is verification? what is clarification? what is reconciliation? T or F: Medication reconciliation is done at the beginning of pt care what is one of the purposes of medication reconciliation? what is a drug? what are prototypical drugs? what are the two types of drug classifications? Correct answer- structure therapeutic effect define pharmaceutics Define pharmokinetics absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion would all fall under what study? dissolution would fall under what study? Define pharmacodynamics define pharmacotherapeutics define toxicology what are toxicology treatment system priorities? define pharmacognosy define pharmacoeconomics Dosage form determines the rate of _____________________. what route? what are the 4 enteral routes? what route bypasses the digestive system? what is the fastest delivery into blood circulation? what are all of the parenteral routes? (7 total) topical routes rarely produce __________ effects (unlike nitroglycerin) what are all of the topical routes? (7 total) define the first pass effect what two things play into absorption? define distribution what is the most common blood protein that carries protein-bound drug molecules? metabolism is also known as what are the three ways drugs are excreted? after __ half lives, we say that most drugs are considered to be effectively removed from the body what is steady state? define peak level define trough level define toxicity what is useful about knowing the trough level? how long after administration would you do a lab test to get a peak level for an IV med? when would you do a lab test to see the trough level of a PO med? what would you do if you took a trough level of vancomycin and it was too high? what would you do if you took a peak level of vancomycin and it was too low? what two main things do we associate with pharmacodynamics? what to agonists and antagonists work on? define contraindications define adverse effects define medication tolerance define medication dependence define physical medication depende define psychological dependence what is another term for psychological drug dependence? medication tolerance can lead to _____________ define synergistic effects? define antagonistic effects define incompatibility drugs cross the placenta by ____________ what three factors affect drug safety during pregnancy? drug levels in breast milk are lower than those in maternal circulation children have less acidic gastric contents up until about age __ why is absorption and metabolism of meds slower in children? IM absorption is slower in children children have a __________ level of protein binding why is it important to know that children have an immature blood brain barrier? why do we not want to give drugs that are hepatotoxic to young kids? overarching theme: ALWAYS consider...? what is important to remember regarding excretion in children? topical is a good route for kids dehydration occurs easily in kids because... children's lungs have a strong mucus barrier for kids: weight is in ______________ for kids: height is in ___________ for older adult patients, drug therapy is most likely to result in ______________ and _____________ what is a big thing to be aware of in the older adult? what are some things associated with noncompliance and nonadherene in the older patients? older patients have lower total body percentages and increased fat content what is important to remember regarding the older adult and drug metabolization? what is important to remember regarding older adults and absorption? what is important to remember regarding older adults and excretion? what is something you should consider during an assessment with older adults? what is the importance of an older adult who has a history of smoking or alcohol? why is nutrition/diet a big deal in older adults? some meds work better with african americans... this type of study will address this? what are some cultural considerations when it comes to health? what goes into criteria for over-the-counter status: indication for use includes that the consumer must be able to... what goes into criteria for over-the-counter status: indication of a safety profile states that drugs must have... what goes into criteria for over-the-counter status: practicality for over-the-counter use states that drugs must be... what is the importance of asking about any OTC medications? what are some hazards of OTC drugs? main points of nursing process from a pharmacological standpoint involve: how could a diagnosis of impaired memory negatively effect pharmacology? what three things should all goals be?