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Samenvatting Wiskunde B – MathPlus – 4 VWO – H6 Logaritmische functies

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Samenvatting: Wiskunde B – MathPlus – 4 VWO – H6 Logaritmische functies

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December 27, 2021
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Joël Smit | 4V.wisB1


Wiskunde (B) – Hoofdstuk 6 Logaritmische functies
Kennis vooraf
Rekenregels voor machten:
 gm * gn = gm + n
 gm / gn = gm - n
 (gm)n = gm * n
 g0 = 1
1
 g-n = n
g
m 1
 g^ = n√(gm) = (n√g)m  g^ = √g
n 2
1
 gn = b  g = b^  g = n√b
n
n n n
 (a * b) = a * b

()
n
 a n= a
n
b b
x 1 x
 g = (g a )
a




§6.1 Logaritmen
Exacte oplossing voor x van exponentiële functie y = gx heet logaritme:
gx = a ↔ x = glog(a) als a > 0
Exponent en logaritme zijn elkaars inverse bewerking (= omgekeerde)  Zijn elkaars
spiegelbeeld ten opzichte van de lijn y = x
g>1  Stijgende exponentiële functie
0<g<1  Dalende exponentiële functie
log ( a )
Op GR: glog(a) =
log ( g )
Verschillende manieren om op te lossen: 32x-1 = 4
3 log ( 4 )+1
1. 32x-1 = 4  2x-1 = 3log(4)  2x = 3log(4) +1  x =  x ≈ 1,13
2
1
2. 32x-1 = 4  32x * 3-1 = 4  32x * = 4  32x = 12
3
3 log (12 )
a. 32x = 12  2x = 3log(12)  x =  x ≈ 1,13
2
b. 32x = 12  (32)x = 12  9x = 12  x = 9log(12)  x ≈ 1,13
Bereken de logaritmen exact:
 5log(125)  5log(53) = 3
1
 5log( )  5log(25-1)  5log((52)-1)  5log(5-2) = -2
25
1/4
 log(64)  1/4 log(43)  1/4 log(1/4)-3) = -3
 1/3log(1/81)  1/3log(1/(34)) = 4



1

, Joël Smit | 4V.wisB1

2
 log(√2)  2log(21/2) = ½
1/4
 log(5√512)  1/4log(5√(2*256))  1/4log(5√(41/2*44))  1/4log(5√(44 1/2))  1/4
log((44
1/2 1/5
) )  1/4log(40,9)  1/4log((1/4)-0,9) = -0,9



§6.2 Eigenschappen van logaritmen
Rekenregels voor logaritmen:
 glog(a) + glog(b) = glog(a*b)
 glog(a) - glog(b) = glog(a/b)
 p* glog(a) = glog(ap)
log ( a )
 glog(a) =
log ( g )
10
 log(a) = log(a)
Bij logaritme glog(a) geldt altijd:
 a>0
 0<g<1 of g>1  Oftewel: g>0 en g≠1
Bv. log(5) = log(5)/log(2) = 2log(5)/2log(2) of 7log(5)/7log(2) etc. want: 2log(5)/2log(2) =
2

(log(5)/log(2)) / (log(2)/log(2))  log(2) vallen tegen elkaar weg  log(5) = log(2)
Los op:
 2log(72) – 2*2log(3)  2log(72) – 2log(32)  2log(72) – 2log(9)  2log(72/9)  2log(8)
 2log(23) = 3
 2log(80) + 0,5log(5)  2log(80) + log(5)/log(0,5)  2log(80) + 2log(5)/2log(0,5) 
2
log(80) + 2log(5)/2log(2-1)  2log(80) + 2log(5)/-1  2log(80) - 2log(5)  2log(80/5) 
2
log(16)  2log(24) = 4
Schrijf als 1 logaritme:
 2log(7) + 3log(81)  2log(7) + 4  2log(7) + 2log(24)  2log(7) + 2log(16)  2log(7*16)
 2log(112)
 0,5*2log(36) – 1  2log(360,5) – 1  2log(6) – 1  2log(6) – 2log(21)  2log(6) – 2log(2)
 2log(6/2)  2log(3)
Druk x uit in y in een exponentiële functie:
x+10 x+10 y−5 x+10 x+10
 y = 4*log( ) + 5  y-5 = 4*log( ) = log( ) = 10(y-5)/4 
100 100 4 100 100
x+10 = 100*10(y-5)/4  x = 100*10(y-5)/4 – 10  x = 100*100,25y-1,25 – 10  x
0,25y -1,25 2 0,25y -1,25 2 -1,25 0,25y
= 100*10 *10 – 10  x = 10 *10 *10 – 10  x = 10 *10 *10 – 10  x
= 100,75*100,25y – 10  x = 100,75*(100,25)y – 10


§6.3 Logaritmische vergelijkingen
Los op:
 2*5log(x) = 3*5log(4)
1. 2*5log(x) = 3*5log(4)  5log(x) = 1,5*5log(4)
5
log(x) = 5log(41,5)



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