Exam (elaborations) psyc 3000 1-7 Midterm Test

Into True / False 1. An ontogenetic explanation is one that describes the development of a structure or behavior. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 2. Gottfried Leibniz (1714) posed the question: “Why is there something rather than nothing?” a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.02 - List three general points that are important to remember from this text. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 3. The mind-body problem refers to how the mind controls the body. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.02 - List three general points that are important to remember from this text. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 4. The universe could have been different in many ways, nearly all of which would have made life impossible a. True b. False ANSWER: True 1 DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.02 - List three general points that are important to remember from this text. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 5. Chalmers explanation of the mind-body problem has largely laid the issue to rest. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.02 - List three general points that are important to remember from this text. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 6. Neurons vary enormously in size, shape, and functions. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 7. Perception occurs primarily in sense organs. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 8. Electrical stimulation of your brain can produce a hand experience even if you had no hand. 2 a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.01 - Briefly state the mind–brain problem and contrast monism with dualism. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 9. Mental activity and certain types of brain activity are, so far as we can tell, inseparable. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.01 - Briefly state the mind–brain problem and contrast monism with dualism. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 10. Research scientists are free to do as they wish when conducting research with animals. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Use of Animals in Research LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.04 - Discuss the ethical issues of research with laboratory animals. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 11. The underlying mechanisms of behavior are similar across species. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Use of Animals in Research LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.04 - Discuss the ethical issues of research with laboratory animals. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 3 12. Invertebrate nerve action follows the same basic principles as human nerves. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Use of Animals in Research LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.04 - Discuss the ethical issues of research with laboratory animals. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 13. Minimalists do not tolerate any kind of animal research. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Use of Animals in Research LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.04 - Discuss the ethical issues of research with laboratory animals. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 14. Abolitionists maintain that animals do not have the same rights as humans. a. True b. False ANSWER: False DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: The Use of Animals in Research LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.04 - Discuss the ethical issues of research with laboratory animals. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 15. The dispute between abolitionists and animal researchers is a dispute between two ethical positions. a. True b. False ANSWER: True DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Use of Animals in Research TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues Multiple Choice 4 16. Biological psychologists are primarily interested in the study of the physiological, evolutionary, and ____. a. social influences on attitudes b. developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience c. cultural mechanisms of society as a whole d. psychological influences on disease ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 17. A cognitive neuroscientist is most likely to ____. a. conduct behavioral tests to determine the abilities and disabilities of people with various kinds of brain damage b. study scans of brain anatomy or activity to analyze and explore people’s knowledge, thinking, and problem solving c. relate behaviors to the functions they have served and, therefore, the presumed selective pressures that caused them to evolve d. identify educational needs of schoolchildren, devise a plan to meet the needs, and then help teachers implement it ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 18. Jill studies how hormones influence sexual behavior of rats. She is most likely a ____. a. biological psychologist b. neuroscientist c. clinical psychologist d. psychiatrist ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 19. A fundamental property is one that ____. 5 a. answers all questions b. occurs only in certain parts of the nervous system c. cannot be reduced to something else d. cannot be explained ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.01 - Briefly state the mind–brain problem and contrast monism with dualism. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 20. A person who believes that hormones released at different stages of the menstrual cycle affect a person’s mood is using a(n) ____ explanation. a. functional b. ontogenetic c. physiological d. evolutionary ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 21. A(n) ____ explanation describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did. a. functional b. ontogenetic c. physiological d. evolutionary ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 22. A(n) ____ describes development, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions. a. functional b. ontogenetic c. physiological d. evolutionary ANSWER: b 6 DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 23. Understanding how genes, nutrition, and experience work together to produce a tendency toward a particular sexual orientation is an example of a(n) ____ explanation. a. ontogenetic b. evolutionary c. functional d. common sense ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 24. Which type of explanation best describes how a structure or behavior develops? a. physiological b. ontogenetic c. evolutionary d. functional ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 25. A(n) ____ explanation describes eating in terms of the hypothalamus affecting insulin production, which affects the availability of glucose in cells. a. physiological b. ontogenetic c. evolutionary d. functional ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. 7 TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 26. Explaining differences in running speed as a function of differences in muscle fiber types is an example of a(n) ____ explanation. a. ontogenetic b. physiologicalphysiological c. evolutionary d. functional ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 27. A person who studies the genetic predisposition to be aggressive in combination with early aggressive experiences is seeking a(n) ____ explanation. a. physiological b. behavioral c. evolutionary d. ontogenetic ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 28. Mapping out the relationship between shared bone structures across different species suggests that there is a(n) ____ explanation. a. ontogenetic b. evolutionary c. behavioral d. physiological ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 29. An evolutionary explanation of why we get goose bumps when cold is that ____. 8 a. our sympathetic nervous system is activated b. we inherited the mechanism from our remote ancestors who had more hair c. we have a preference for being warm d. our children are often raised in cold environments ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 30. Human language developed as the result of genes and the opportunity to hear language during a sensitive period in early life. What type of explanation is this? a. physiological b. ontogenetic c. evolutionary d. functional ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 31. Some animals have camouflage that matches their typical surroundings in order to provide protection from predators. What type of explanation does this illustrate? a. evolutionary b. functional c. ontogenetic d. physiological ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 32. Which type of explanation might describe the presence of a behavior in a particular species by showing how that behavior increased the reproductive success of the species? a. physiological b. ontogenetic 9 c. evolutionary d. solipsistic ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 33. Which type of explanation describes why a particular structure or behavior is advantageous? a. physiological b. ontogenetic c. evolutionary d. functional ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 34. In a small population of sheep, the dominant male may produce many more offspring than the other males, spreading his genes. This is an example of ____. a. assimilation b. artificial selection c. genetic drift d. recombination ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 35. Which explanation of human behavior focuses most on learning through experience? a. physiological b. ontogenetic c. evolutionary d. functional ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand 10 REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 36. Consciousness does not occur when you are ____. a. in a coma b. daydreaming c. watching television d. exercising ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 37. An adult male sparrow sings its normal song ____. a. if he hears the song during a sensitive period early in his life b. only when he hears a female bird singing c. if his own species' song is the first song he hears when young d. regardless of whether or not he has ever heard his species' song from another bird ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 38. Consciousness occurs ____. a. in all kinds of nervous systems some of the time b. in certain parts of certain kinds of nervous system all of the time c. in certain parts of certain kinds of nervous systems some of the time d. in all kinds of nervous systems all of the time ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.01 - Briefly state the mind–brain problem and contrast monism with dualism. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 39. The view of the brain from above is called the ____ view. a. anterior 11 b. ventral c. dorsal d. posterior ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: The Biological Approach to Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 40. A particular area of a songbird brain grows under the influence of testosterone; hence, it is larger in breeding males than in females or immature birds. That brain area enables a mature male to sing. What type of explanation is illustrated here? a. evolutionary b. ontogenetic c. neurological d. physiological ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 41. In many species, a young male bird learns its song by listening to adult males. Development of the song requires certain genes and the opportunity to hear the appropriate song during a sensitive period early in life. What type of explanation is illustrated here? a. evolutionary b. ontogenetic c. neurological d. physiological ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 12 42. Certain pairs of species have similar songs. For example, dunlins and Baird’s sandpipers, two shorebird species, give their calls in distinct pulses, unlike other shorebirds. What type of explanation is suggested here? a. evolutionary b. ontogenetic c. neurological d. physiological ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues KEYWORDS: New 43. The sea dragon is a fish that looks and acts like kelp in order to attract its food. A researcher proposes that this is due to a genetic modification that expands smaller appendages already present in these fish’s ancestors. What type of explanation is this? a. functional b. evolutionary c. ontogenetic d. biological ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Biological Explanations of Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 44. Which field is least likely to focus primarily on research? a. neuroscience b. psychophysiology c. neurochemistry d. neurology ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 45. A(n) ____ investigates the chemical reactions in the brain. 13 a. neurochemist b. psychophysiologist c. comparative psychologist d. neurologist ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 46. A stroke patient might seek the aid of a(n) ____ to increase the functions of daily life. a. neuroscientist b. clinical psychologist c. occupational therapist d. neurochemist ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 47. According to David Chalmers, consciousness is ____. a. a fundamental property of matter b. not necessary for brain functioning c. easy to observe d. independent of the brain ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 48. Someone who investigates how the functioning of the brain and other organs influences behavior is most likely to be called a ____. a. sociobiologist b. neuropsychologist c. behavioral neuroscientist d. comparative psychologist ANSWER: c 14 DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 49. A neuropsychologist ____. a. has an M.D. and specializes in the treatment of brain damage b. conducts research on animal behavior c. is more often a teacher than a practitioner d. tests the abilities and disabilities of people with brain damage ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 50. A comparative psychologist ____. a. compares the reactions different people have in similar situations b. considers the evolutionary histories of different species and their behaviors c. compares nervous system responses of different people d. helps people with emotional distress ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues 51. Which specialist is most likely to work with people with brain damage? a. comparative psychologist b. biopsychologist c. neuropsychologist d. psychobiologist ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand REFERENCES: Career Opportunities LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KALA.BIOP.16.INT.01.03 - Give examples of physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional explanations of behavior. TOPICS: INT.1 Overview and Major Issues