BIO 202L Lab 14 Worksheet- The Urinary System ALL ANSERS 100% CORRECT GUARANTEED GRADE A+

Pre-Lab Questions 1. What is the function of the ureter? The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. 2. Compare and contrast the male and female urethra. The male uretha is much longer than the female urethra measuring about 15-20 cm long. In the males, the urethra carries urine as well as semen. In contrast, the female urethra is only about 4cm long. 3. Describe the two layers of the kidneys. The two layers of the kidneys are the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is the outer region of the kidney. It contains about a million blood filtering nephrons. The inner layer is the medulla. It contains 8-12 renal pyramids that empty into the calyx. Experiment 1: Kidney Filtration Table 1: Solutions Present in Each Container Before 60 Minutes Submersion Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker Congo Red yes no Yellow Food Coloring yes no Table 2: Solutions Present in Each Container After 60 Minutes Submersion Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker Congo Red yes no Yellow Food Coloring no yes Post-Lab Questions 1. What specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing represent? What is this part’s function? The dialysis tubing is a representation of the filtration of the kidneys through the ureter. 2. What does the yellow food coloring represent at the end of the experiment? What does the Congo Red represent? The yellow food coloring represents the urine being filtered out by the nephrons. The red food coloring is used to mimick the blood 3. Why is it important that the kidney filters the blood? It is important that the kidneys filter thr blood in order to remove wastes and toxins. Doing this prevents the buildup of wastes in the body so the body can maintain healthiness. Experiment 2: Urinalysis Table 3: Urine Test Test Normal Abnormal pH 4.5 - 7.5 Acidic Urine (below 4.5) - Diabetes, starvation, dehydration, respiratory acidosis. Alkaline Urine (above 7.5) - Kidney disease, kidney failure, urinary tract infection, respiratory alkalosis. Glucose None Glucose present (red or green color after test); diabetes mellitus. Protein None Protein present (violet color after test); kidney disease. Yeast None Yeast present (bubbles form after test); yeast infection in urinary tract. Ketones Little or None Large amount of ketones present (sweet smell of urine); starvation, prolonged vomiting, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and other metabolic disorders. Table 4: Simulated Urine pH Test Simulated Urine Sample pH A 8 B 4 C 8 Simulated Urine Sample pH D 6 Table 5: Simulated Urine Glucose Test Simulated Urine Sample Color Before Hot Water Bath Color After Hot Water Bath A blue blue B bule red C blue Yellow D blue blue Table 6: Simulated Urine Protein Test Simulated Urine Sample Color Before Biuret Solution Color After Biuret Solution A clear purple B clear blue C clear Purple D yellow blue Table 7: Simulated Urine Yeast Test