BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE 1
Contents
Anorexia (15-11)..............................................................................................................................4
What is Anorexia?........................................................................................................................5
Cultural disease?......................................................................................................................8
Genetic disease?.....................................................................................................................10
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?..........................................................................................11
Hyperactivity..........................................................................................................................13
Starvation Experiment...........................................................................................................13
Neuromechanisms of Anorexia..................................................................................................14
Addictive compounds of Anorexia........................................................................................16
Lateralization (16-11)....................................................................................................................18
What to understand & know for the exam.................................................................................19
Behaviour and Lateralization.....................................................................................................20
Animals are just like humans.....................................................................................................22
Lateralization & the individual development............................................................................25
Lateralization & populations......................................................................................................27
Lateralization & communication...............................................................................................28
Damage (17-11).............................................................................................................................29
Brain damage.............................................................................................................................29
,BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE 2
Brain tumors...........................................................................................................................29
Cerebrovascular disorders (e.g. strokes)................................................................................30
Closed-head injuries (skull remains intact, but brain is damaged, e.g. an concussion).........33
Infections of the brain (bacterial or viral)..............................................................................33
Neurotoxins............................................................................................................................34
Genetic factors.......................................................................................................................35
What happens when cells die?...............................................................................................35
Neurological diseases.................................................................................................................36
Epilepsy..................................................................................................................................36
Parkinson’s disease................................................................................................................38
Multiple sclerosis...................................................................................................................39
Alzheimer’s disease...............................................................................................................39
Animal models...........................................................................................................................40
Kindling model of epilepsy....................................................................................................41
Transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s..............................................................................41
MPTP model of Parkinson’s..................................................................................................42
Neuroplasticity...........................................................................................................................42
Psychiatry (18/11)..........................................................................................................................45
Schizophrenia.............................................................................................................................46
Affective Disorders: depression and mania or unipolar and bipolar.........................................54
,BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE 3
Unipolar disorder/depression.................................................................................................55
Bipolar disorders: mood stabilizers.......................................................................................61
Emotion (19-11).............................................................................................................................67
The psychobiology and history of stress en emotion.................................................................68
The main physiological emotion/stress response systems (adaptation-reaction) en stress
indicators....................................................................................................................................79
Functional organisation SAM and HPA systems...................................................................79
Factors determining stress responsivity.................................................................................79
Controllability/predictability..................................................................................................81
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................82
The brain as target organ of stress hormones.............................................................................82
ALS (22-11)...................................................................................................................................88
History of ALS:..........................................................................................................................88
Treatment for ALS:....................................................................................................................90
What causes ALS?.....................................................................................................................92
Sport as a risk factor for ALS?..................................................................................................94
Role of testosterone....................................................................................................................95
Smell & Taste (23-11)...................................................................................................................97
Taste.........................................................................................................................................100
Taste receptors.....................................................................................................................102
, BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE 4
Taste transduction................................................................................................................103
Basic tastes...........................................................................................................................104
Taste pathways.....................................................................................................................104
Smell........................................................................................................................................106
Olfactory receptors...............................................................................................................107
Vomeronasal organ..............................................................................................................109
Aggression (24-11)......................................................................................................................110
History of research of aggressive behaviour............................................................................119
Neuro-anatomical wave.......................................................................................................121
Neurochemical wave............................................................................................................125
Neuro-genomic wave...........................................................................................................127
Anorexia (15-11)
Anorexia: You’ll be dead before you’re thin enough
Combines brain and periphery functioning.
History of Anorexia Nervosa
● St. Hieronlymus of Stridon, church father and spiritual leader of a group of Roma
women, one of whom starved herself to death in 383AD. First known case of a eating
disorder.
● Dark Ages: a few cases of young women, thought to be possesed by Satan and cured by
exorcism
Contents
Anorexia (15-11)..............................................................................................................................4
What is Anorexia?........................................................................................................................5
Cultural disease?......................................................................................................................8
Genetic disease?.....................................................................................................................10
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?..........................................................................................11
Hyperactivity..........................................................................................................................13
Starvation Experiment...........................................................................................................13
Neuromechanisms of Anorexia..................................................................................................14
Addictive compounds of Anorexia........................................................................................16
Lateralization (16-11)....................................................................................................................18
What to understand & know for the exam.................................................................................19
Behaviour and Lateralization.....................................................................................................20
Animals are just like humans.....................................................................................................22
Lateralization & the individual development............................................................................25
Lateralization & populations......................................................................................................27
Lateralization & communication...............................................................................................28
Damage (17-11).............................................................................................................................29
Brain damage.............................................................................................................................29
,BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE 2
Brain tumors...........................................................................................................................29
Cerebrovascular disorders (e.g. strokes)................................................................................30
Closed-head injuries (skull remains intact, but brain is damaged, e.g. an concussion).........33
Infections of the brain (bacterial or viral)..............................................................................33
Neurotoxins............................................................................................................................34
Genetic factors.......................................................................................................................35
What happens when cells die?...............................................................................................35
Neurological diseases.................................................................................................................36
Epilepsy..................................................................................................................................36
Parkinson’s disease................................................................................................................38
Multiple sclerosis...................................................................................................................39
Alzheimer’s disease...............................................................................................................39
Animal models...........................................................................................................................40
Kindling model of epilepsy....................................................................................................41
Transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s..............................................................................41
MPTP model of Parkinson’s..................................................................................................42
Neuroplasticity...........................................................................................................................42
Psychiatry (18/11)..........................................................................................................................45
Schizophrenia.............................................................................................................................46
Affective Disorders: depression and mania or unipolar and bipolar.........................................54
,BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE 3
Unipolar disorder/depression.................................................................................................55
Bipolar disorders: mood stabilizers.......................................................................................61
Emotion (19-11).............................................................................................................................67
The psychobiology and history of stress en emotion.................................................................68
The main physiological emotion/stress response systems (adaptation-reaction) en stress
indicators....................................................................................................................................79
Functional organisation SAM and HPA systems...................................................................79
Factors determining stress responsivity.................................................................................79
Controllability/predictability..................................................................................................81
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................82
The brain as target organ of stress hormones.............................................................................82
ALS (22-11)...................................................................................................................................88
History of ALS:..........................................................................................................................88
Treatment for ALS:....................................................................................................................90
What causes ALS?.....................................................................................................................92
Sport as a risk factor for ALS?..................................................................................................94
Role of testosterone....................................................................................................................95
Smell & Taste (23-11)...................................................................................................................97
Taste.........................................................................................................................................100
Taste receptors.....................................................................................................................102
, BEHAVIOURAL NEUROSCIENCE 4
Taste transduction................................................................................................................103
Basic tastes...........................................................................................................................104
Taste pathways.....................................................................................................................104
Smell........................................................................................................................................106
Olfactory receptors...............................................................................................................107
Vomeronasal organ..............................................................................................................109
Aggression (24-11)......................................................................................................................110
History of research of aggressive behaviour............................................................................119
Neuro-anatomical wave.......................................................................................................121
Neurochemical wave............................................................................................................125
Neuro-genomic wave...........................................................................................................127
Anorexia (15-11)
Anorexia: You’ll be dead before you’re thin enough
Combines brain and periphery functioning.
History of Anorexia Nervosa
● St. Hieronlymus of Stridon, church father and spiritual leader of a group of Roma
women, one of whom starved herself to death in 383AD. First known case of a eating
disorder.
● Dark Ages: a few cases of young women, thought to be possesed by Satan and cured by
exorcism
