A&P exam 1 study guide with questions and answers

A&P Exam 1 Exam Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Multiple Choice Questions 1) The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed B) homeostasis. 2) Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system(s). C) digestive 3) Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream? C) respiratory 4) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________. C) structure; function 5) The central principle of physiology is C) homeostasis. 6) Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines ________." D) function 7) A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. 8) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular 9) What is the smallest living level of organization? A) cellular level 10) Which of the following cell types is long, slender and makes contractions? D) muscle cells 11) Which type of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide? E) red blood cells 12) Which type of cells recycle the calcium and phosphate stored there? A) bone cells 13) Which type of cells are spherical and contain energy molecules? B) fat cells 14) ________ is the study of tissue structures. E) Histology 15) Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body? C) epithelial tissue 16) Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support? A) connective tissue 17) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? C) skeletal 18) Protection from environmental hazards is a function of the ________ system. C) integumentary 19) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells? A) cardiovascular 20) Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system. A) endocrine 21) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? B) It produces a more rapid response than the nervous system. 22) The heart is an example of a(n) C) organ. 23) All of the following are organs of the endocrine system, except D) muscle. 24) All of the following are structures of the cardiovascular system, except C) the spleen. 25) Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products are functions of the ________ system. D) urinary 26) Which gastrointestinal organ is responsible for bile secretion and regulation of blood nutrient composition? B) liver 27) What is the primary function of kidneys? D) form and concentrate urine 28) The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called A) homeostasis. 29) Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus. B) receptor; control center (integrating center); effector 30) When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of C) illness or disease. 31) If a response decreases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system. B) negative 32) If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system. E) positive 33) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of A) negative feedback. 34) All of the following participate in thermoregulation, except C) gastrointestinal system. 35) The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the A) brain. 36) A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n) D) effector. 37) An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus. 38) All of the following are examples of positive feedback, except E) relaxation of smooth muscles' blood vessels when body temperature goes up. 39) Much of the early history in anatomy is tied to what country? B) Italy 40) The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except the E) pelvic quadrant. 41) Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region? E) upper right 42) A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position. B) supine 43) A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position. C) anatomical 44) The common term for the carpal region is the D) wrist. 45) A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a ________ section. D) parasagittal 46) Which of the following terms refers to the foot? E) pedal 47) The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant. D) right lower; left lower 48) The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant. A) right upper 49) A person lying face down is in the ________ position. A) prone 50) The anatomical term for the buccal region is the B) cheek.