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Samenvatting kennistoets minor neurorevalidatie

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Samenvatting voor het tentamen van de minor neurorevalidatie, exclusief mono uitwerking.

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November 22, 2021
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Samenvatting neurorevalidatie (excl. mono)

Inhoudsopgave
Samenvatting neurorevalidatie (excl. mono)......................................................................1
1. CVA................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Ischeamisch CVA....................................................................................................................4
1.1.1. Etiologie................................................................................................................................................4
1.1.2. Lokalisatie.............................................................................................................................................4
1.1.3. Behandeling..........................................................................................................................................4
1.2. Hemorragisch CVA.................................................................................................................5
1.2.1. Subarachnoïdale bloeding....................................................................................................................5
1.2.2. Subduraal hematoom...........................................................................................................................5
1.2.3. Behandeling HCVA................................................................................................................................6

2. Anatomie brein..............................................................................................................7
2.1. Het binnenbrein.....................................................................................................................8
2.2. Bloedvoorziening brein..........................................................................................................8
2.2.1. Cirkel van Willis.....................................................................................................................................8

3. Schade en herstel.........................................................................................................10
3.1. Schade.................................................................................................................................10
3.1.1. Verdeling schade in hersenen............................................................................................................10
3.2. Herstel.................................................................................................................................11
3.2.1. Vormen herstel...................................................................................................................................11
3.2.2. Prognose.............................................................................................................................................11
3.2.3. Interventies.........................................................................................................................................11

4. Traumatisch hersenletsel..............................................................................................12
4.1. Etiologie...............................................................................................................................12
4.2. Onderverdeling en ernst......................................................................................................12
4.2.1. DAI.......................................................................................................................................................12
4.2.2. Secundaire gevolgen...........................................................................................................................13
4.3. Behandeling THL..................................................................................................................13
5. Bewustzijn....................................................................................................................13
5.1. Niveaus bewustzijn..............................................................................................................14
6. De hersenzenuwen.......................................................................................................15
7. Therapie binnen neurorevalidatie.................................................................................16
7.1. Leren....................................................................................................................................16
7.2. Aandacht.............................................................................................................................16
7.3. Biofeedback........................................................................................................................16
7.3.1. Vormen van stimulatie........................................................................................................................16

8. Multiple sclerose..........................................................................................................17


1

, 8.1. Symptomen.........................................................................................................................17
8.2. Werking axon.......................................................................................................................17
8.3. Etiologie...............................................................................................................................18
8.3.1. Oligodrocyten.....................................................................................................................................18
8.3.2. Microgliacellen....................................................................................................................................18
8.4. Vormen MS..........................................................................................................................18
8.5. Prognose..............................................................................................................................18
9. Parkinson.....................................................................................................................19
9.1. Etiologie...............................................................................................................................19
9.2. Lokalisatie............................................................................................................................19
9.3. Symptomen.........................................................................................................................19
9.4. Rode vlaggen voor diagnose Parkinson................................................................................19
10. Parkinsonisme............................................................................................................20
10.1. Cues bij Parkinson en Parkinsonisme.................................................................................20
11. Therapieprincipes neurorevalidatie............................................................................21
11.1. Empirische cyclus...............................................................................................................21
11.2. Neurale basis motoriek......................................................................................................21
11.3. Sensomotorische cirkel......................................................................................................22
11.4. Visus en motoriek..............................................................................................................22
11.4.1. Imiteren............................................................................................................................................22
11.5. Mentale aspecten bij therapie...........................................................................................22
11.6. Interne v.s. externe motorische storing.............................................................................23
12. De therapeutische situatie..........................................................................................23
13. Neuropsychologie.......................................................................................................24
13.1. Raamwerken......................................................................................................................24
13.1.1. Luria..................................................................................................................................................24
13.1.2. Negen cellen model..........................................................................................................................25
13.1.3. Drie-assen model..............................................................................................................................25
13.2. NPFS..................................................................................................................................26
13.2.1. Hemi-inattentie/ neglect..................................................................................................................26
13.2.2. Soorten aandacht.............................................................................................................................26
13.2.3. Verschil neglect en hemianopsie......................................................................................................26
13.2.2. Agnosie.............................................................................................................................................27
13.2.4. Afasie................................................................................................................................................27
13.2.5. Rechterhemisfeer taalstoornissen....................................................................................................28
13.2.6. Apraxie..............................................................................................................................................28
13.3. Amnesieën en geheugen....................................................................................................29
13.3.1. Geheugen..........................................................................................................................................29
13.3.2. Amnesie na letsel..............................................................................................................................29
13.3.3. Indeling geheugen............................................................................................................................30
13.3.4. Beïnvloeden geheugen.....................................................................................................................30
13.4. Executieve functiestoornis.................................................................................................30

2

, 13.4.1. Gevolgen op......................................................................................................................................31
13.4.2. Testen executieve functies...............................................................................................................31

14. Neuropsychologie.......................................................................................................32
14.2. Observeren........................................................................................................................32
14.2.1. Methodes..........................................................................................................................................32
14.3. Neuropsychologisch onderzoek.........................................................................................32
14.3.1. Soorten neuropsychologisch onderzoek..........................................................................................33
14.3.2. Soorten geheugen en lokalisatie......................................................................................................33
14.4. Intellectueel functioneren..................................................................................................33
14.5. Frontaalsyndroom.............................................................................................................34
14.6. Stemming, gedrag en persoonlijkheid................................................................................34
14.6.1. Onderverdeling.................................................................................................................................34
14.7. Noso agnosie.....................................................................................................................35
14.8. Psychosociale factoren.......................................................................................................35
14.9. Sociale isolatie...................................................................................................................35
15. Coping........................................................................................................................35
15.1. Fasen aanpassingsproces...................................................................................................35
15.2. Schokverwerking...............................................................................................................35
15.3. Coping................................................................................................................................36
15.4. Coping stijlen.....................................................................................................................37




3

, 1. CVA
Ischeamisch = infarct
Hemorragisch = bloeding
TIA = transient ischeamic attack


1.1. Ischeamisch CVA
1.1.1. Etiologie
 Afsluiting bloedvat door trombus (stolsol)
 Embolie (stolsol in ader)

Na afsluiting bloedvat kan hypoxie ontstaan  hypoperfusie.
Hypoxie is een conditie van het weefsel na zuurstoftekort.


1.1.2. Lokalisatie
Corticaal hoge hersenschors
Subcorticaal lagere structuren brein
Lacunair kleiner infarct
Waterscheidingsinfarct bepaald gebied krijgt minder zuurstof


1.1.3. Behandeling
Tijd = afsterven weefsel

Trombolyse Trombectomie Decrompressie
 4,5 uur naar ontstaan  Tot 6 uur na ontstaan  Bij dreiging inklemming
uitval  Proberen stolsel te  Risico zwelling
 Zsm bloedverdunners verwijderen  Hemicraniëctomie (deel
door bloed gepompt. Dit schedel lichten om
verkleind kans op ruimte te creëren.
bloedingen elders




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