Pathophysiology Chapter 03 - The Cellular Environment Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and
Bases
1. Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
a. High body surface-to-body size ratio
b. Slow metabolic rate
c. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses
d. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
2. Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
a. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
b. The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
c. The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than in lean adults.
d. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
3. A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27
mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
4. Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular
fluid (ECF) compartment is primarily a function of what?
a. Osmotic forces
b. Plasma oncotic pressure
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. Hydrostatic forces
Bases
1. Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
a. High body surface-to-body size ratio
b. Slow metabolic rate
c. Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses
d. Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty
2. Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
a. Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.
b. The metabolic rate of obese adults is slower than the rate of lean adults.
c. The rate of urine output of obese adults is higher than in lean adults.
d. The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
3. A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27
mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
4. Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular
fluid (ECF) compartment is primarily a function of what?
a. Osmotic forces
b. Plasma oncotic pressure
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. Hydrostatic forces
