NURS 8022 FINAL EXAM – QUESTION AND ANSWERS-

NURS 8022 FINAL EXAM – QUESTION AND ANSWERS- • Question 1 0 out of 1 points A high school football player is hit hard in the helmet, losses consciousness for approximately 8 minutes, and when he wakes up he is confused. He is removed from the game and examined by an onsite medical professional who determines the player has suffered a Grade concussion. Selected Answer: B. Grade II Correct Answer: D. Grade IV • Question 2 0 out of 1 points A 12 year old boy was walking in the woods and was bitten by a tick. He presents to the pediatrician with complaints of fever, malaise, joint pain, and a rash. The NP suspects Lyme disease and knows that theses symptoms are indicative of localized infection. In this early stage of Lyme disease the rash is known as . Selected Answer: C. Vesicular rash Correct Answer: B. Erythema migrans • Question 3 0 out of 1 points A communicating hydrocephalus is caused by an impairment of the: Selected Answer: B. Cerebrospinal fluid flow into the subarachnoid space Correct Answer: D. Absorption of cerebrospinal fluid • Question 4 0 out of 1 points A patient scrapes the knee while playing soccer and complains of sharp and well- localized pain. Which of the following should the NP document to most accurately characterize the pain? Selected Answer: A. Somatic pain Correct Answer: A. Somatic pain • Question 5 1 out of 1 points Which answer indicates that a NP understands regeneration of neurons? Neurons that have the capacity for regeneration include: Selected Answer: C. Myelinated peripheral neurons Correct Answer: C. Myelinated peripheral neurons • Question 6 1 out of 1 points In acute hypothermia, what physiological change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss? Selected Answer: B. Peripheral vasoconstriction Correct Answer: B. Peripheral vasoconstriction • Question 7 1 out of 1 points A 52 year-old male patient presents with scaly, thick, silvery, and elevated lesions on his elbow. The skin appears thickened on exam. The NP knows that this disorder is a result of . Selected Answer: D. Autoimmune T cell mediation Correct Answer: D. Autoimmune T cell mediation • Question 8 1 out of 1 points Afferent neurons are neurons and carry impulses from the to the . Selected Answer: B. Sensory; PNS; CNS Correct Answer: B. Sensory; PNS; CNS • Question 9 0 out of 1 points A 40-year-old male complains of uncontrolled excessive movement and progressive dysfunction of intellectual and thought processes. He is experiencing movement problems that begin in the face and arms that eventually affect the entire body. The most likely diagnosis is: Selected Answer: A. Tardive dyskinesia Correct Answer: B. Huntington disease • Question 10 1 out of 1 points A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture? Selected Answer: C. Pathological fracture Correct Answer: C. Pathological fracture • Question 11 1 out of 1 points A 19-year-old female developed a circular, demarcated, and salmon-pink lesion. Two weeks later she developed more lesions over the trunk and upper part of the extremities. The diagnosis is pityriasis rosea, and the NP knows the disorder is normally associated with a: Selected Answer: C. Viral infection Correct Answer: C. Viral infection • Question 12 1 out of 1 points Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona desert with a small supply of water. The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely, become dehydrated, with nausea and slight confusion. The hikers are likely experiencing Selected Answer: B. Heat exhaustion Correct Answer: B. Heat exhaustion • Question 13 0 out of 1 points The main area where somatic sensory input is received is in the . Selected Answer: B. Cerebellum Correct Answer: D. Parietal Lobe • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient presents to the hospital with history of recent viral infection. He now has a complaint of weakness that started in legs and is moving up his body. The practitioner knows that the pathophysiology of this disorder is: Selected D. Answer: Acquired inflammatory disease with demyelination of the peripheral nerves Correct Answer: D. Acquired inflammatory disease with demyelination of the peripheral nerves • Question 15 0 out of 1 points Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact? Selected Answer: B. Malunion Correct Answer: D. Subluxation • Question 16 1 out of 1 points Upper motor neuron syndromes cause paresis or paralysis. Selected Answer: B. Spastic Correct Answer: B. Spastic • Question 17 1 out of 1 points A 65-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a pathologic, compound, transverse fracture of the femur. Which of the following statements best describes this type of fracture? Selected Answer: B. The fracture line is straight across the bone Correct Answer: B. The fracture line is straight across the bone • Question 18 1 out of 1 points Dark urine in rhabdomyolysis is the result of the presence of what product in the urine? Selected Answer: C. Myoglobin Correct Answer: C. Myoglobin • Question 19 0 out of 1 points A 70-year-old male presents with back pain, fever, and weight loss. He reports that he had a recent respiratory infection from which he thought he recovered. Tests revealed increased white blood cell count, and a diagnosis of endogenous osteomyelitis was made. The primary organism causing this condition is: Selected Answer: C. Mycobacterium Correct Answer: A. Staphylococcus aureus • Question 20 1 out of 1 points A patient is diagnosed with a thrombotic CVA. The provider would explain to the patient that most thrombotic strokes are the result of what? Selected Answer: A. Atherosclerosis Correct Answer: A. Atherosclerosis • Question 21 1 out of 1 points A 23-year-old female begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patient’s body? Selected Answer: B. Demyelination of the nerve fibers in the CNS Correct Answer: B. Demyelination of the nerve fibers in the CNS • Question 22 1 out of 1 points Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis, after being activated by RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand); RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB) activates which of the following? Selected Answer: D. Osteoclast survival Correct Answer: D. Osteoclast survival • Question 23 1 out of 1 points A 9-year-old male presents with severe erythematous bullous lesions that are believed to be an adverse response to a medication. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Selected Answer: D. Steven-Johnson syndrome Correct Answer: D. Steven-Johnson syndrome • Question 24 0 out of 1 points A nursing faculty member is describing a type of muscle contraction characterized by the muscle maintaining a constant length as tension is increased. The student knows that the faculty member is describing . Selected Answer: A. Isotonic contraction Correct Answer: B. Isometric contraction • Question 25 1 out of 1 points is associated with the clinical development of confusion, forgetfulness, emotional upset. Pathologically there is the development of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, and amyloid deposits. Selected Answer: D. Alzheimer Disease Correct Answer: D. Alzheimer Disease • Question 26 1 out of 1 points Tumors that arise from chondroblasts are which type of tumor? Selected Answer: B. Cartilage tumors Correct Answer: B. Cartilage tumors • Question 27 0 out of 1 points A 75-year-old male experienced a lacunar stroke. When looking through the history of the patient’s chart, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? Selected Answer: A. An embolus Correct Answer: B. History of Hypertension • Question 28 1 out of 1 points Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which type of skin malignancy? Selected Answer: D. Basal cell carcinoma Correct Answer: D. Basal cell carcinoma • Question 29 1 out of 1 points When taking a patient’s temperature, which principle should the NP remember? Regulation of body temperature primarily occurs in the Selected Answer: C. Hypothalamus Correct Answer: C. Hypothalamus • Question 30 1 out of 1 points The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called: Selected Answer: B. Tophaceous gout Correct Answer: B. Tophaceous gout • Question 31 1 out of 1 points A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech. Which area is the neurologist discussing? Selected Answer: B. Broca's area Correct Answer: B. Broca's area • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A 20-year-old male was at the supermarket when he fell to the ground. Bystanders reported that he lost consciousness and his body tensed up and then relaxed, then tensed and relaxed several times. He most likely was experiencing a(n): Selected Answer: D. Tonic-clonic seizure Correct Answer: D. Tonic-clonic seizure • Question 33 1 out of 1 points A 54-year-old was recently diagnosed with osteoarthritis. This condition is characterized by loss of: Selected Answer: B. Articular cartilage Correct Answer: B. Articular cartilage • Question 34 0 out of 1 points Presbyopia is a result of . Selected Answer: A. Increased intraocular pressure Correct Answer: D. Normal loss of accommodation • Question 35 1 out of 1 points A patient is taking a medication that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following would the NP expect to find while examining the patient? Selected Answer: D. Dilated pupils Correct Answer: D. Dilated pupils • Question 36 0 out of 1 points In pain modulation when a normally nonpainful stimuli induces pain this is known as? Selected Answer: D. Central sensitization or hyperalgesia Correct Answer: C. Central sensitization or allodynia • Question 37 1 out of 1 points An NP assesses a patient with a history of a spinal cord injury, and on exam the NP identifies a pressure wound over the patient’s sacrum with partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis. The NP knows to document in the patient’s chart that the pressure ulcer is a Stage . Selected Answer: B. II Correct Answer: B. II • Question 38 0 out of 1 points When assessing a patient with scleroderma, which changes in the skin will be observed? Selected Answer: A. Erythema Correct Answer: D. Hardening • Question 39 0 out of 1 points Blistering of the skin within minutes occurs in which type of burn injury? Selected Answer: A. Partial thickness Correct Answer: B. Superficial partial -thickness • Question 40 0 out of 1 points A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease. He has impaired fine repetitive motor movements. Which of the following areas does the NP suspect is most likely damaged? Selected Answer: A. Prefrontal area Correct Answer: D. Basal ganglia • Question 41 0 out of 1 points The NP notices on exam that a patient’s tongue does not protrude in the midline. The NP knows that this represents a deficit in which cranial nerve? Selected Answer: C. 10 Correct Answer: D. 12 • Question 42 0 out of 1 points A 48-year-old female presents to the ER reporting an acute severe headache, nausea, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. What does the NP suspect caused these signs and symptoms? Selected Answer: D. Classic concussion Correct Answer: A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage • Question 43 1 out of 1 points Which bone cells function to maintain the bone matrix? Selected Answer: B. Osteocytes Correct Answer: B. Osteocytes • Question 44 0 out of 1 points A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with RA. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the: Selected Answer: B. Articular cartilage Correct Answer: A. Synovial membrane • Question 45 1 out of 1 points A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinician recalls this disorder is related to: Selected Answer: C. Autoimmunity Correct Answer: C. Autoimmunity • Question 46 1 out of 1 points A 10-year-old male is given penicillin for an infection. He has an allergic reaction, during which he develops urticarial lesions. These lesions are mediated by the release of Selected Answer: B. Histamine Correct Answer: B. Histamine • Question 47 1 out of 1 points A student knows that a carbuncle is a(n): Selected Answer: A. Collection of infected hair follicles Correct Answer: A. Collection of infected hair follicles • Question 48 1 out of 1 points A patient with Brown -sequard syndrome will present with paralysis/paresis, loss of vibration and position sense, with loss of pain and temperature sensation Selected Answer: A. Ipsilateral, ipsilateral, contralateral Correct Answer: A. Ipsilateral, ipsilateral, contralateral • Question 49 1 out of 1 points Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs in cycles approximately every: Selected Answer: B. 90 minutes Correct Answer: B. 90 minutes • Question 50 0 out of 1 points A 36 year old male patient presents to the office with complaint of visual disturbances, and impaired motor function. The NP suspects Paget’s disease. The NP explains that this disorder is a result of . Selected Answer: A. Vitamin D deficiency Correct Answer: C. Excessive bone remodeling • Question 51 1 out of 1 points A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is: Selected Answer: B. Decreased estrogen levels Correct Answer: B. Decreased estrogen levels • Question 52 1 out of 1 points A 20-year-old male patient presents to his primary care provider complaining of an erythematous, pruritic, rash with vesicular lesions. The provider knows that this is allergic contact dermatitis. This inflammatory skin disorder is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction Selected Answer: D. Type IV Correct Answer: D. Type IV • Question 53 0 out of 1 points A 23-year-old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. These lesions are referred to as: Selected Answer: A. Macules Correct Answer: B. Nevi • Question 54 0 out of 1 points The NP is assessing the patient with a pen light. The integrity of which cranial nerve is being evaluated? Selected Answer: B. Optic Correct Answer: C. Oculomotor • Question 55 1 out of 1 points Which of the following disorders is most likely the result of an amplified pain transmission and interpretation or allodynia? Selected Answer: D. Fibromyalgia Correct Answer: D. Fibromyalgia • Question 56 1 out of 1 points A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting a sports injury. Work up reveals a parial injury to the ligament. The most likely diagnosis is: Selected Answer: B. Sprain Correct Answer: B. Sprain • Question 57 1 out of 1 points While planning care for a patient with an epidural hematoma, which principle should the NP remember? The main source of bleeding in extradural (epidural) hematomas is: Selected Answer: A. Arterial Correct Answer: A. Arterial • Question 58 1 out of 1 points A patient was involved in a house fire and has burns to 20% of his body. The burn involves the entire dermis, but has spared the dermal appendages. The provider knows that this represents what type of burn? Selected Answer: C. Deep partial thickness Correct Answer: C. Deep partial thickness • Question 59 1 out of 1 points The alteration of which gene is associate with basal cell carcinoma? Selected Answer: D. TP5 3 Correct Answer: D. TP5 3 • Question 60 1 out of 1 points A 30y/o patient presents with a history of a fracture in the humerus. The patient is now complaining of swelling, intense pain, his arm turning pale and numbness in the arm. The most likely diagnosis is? Selected Answer: D. Compartment syndrome Correct Answer: D. Compartment syndrome • Question 61 1 out of 1 points Which person is at greatest risk for developing delirium? Selected Answer: C. An individual on the second day after hip replacement Correct Answer: C. An individual on the second day after hip replacement • Question 62 1 out of 1 points When the physical therapist is describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used? Selected Answer: D. Diathrosis Correct Answer: D. Diathrosis • Question 63 1 out of 1 points A 70-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting loss of vision. He reports that he has HTN and smokes cigarettes. Which of the following disorders is most likely causing his visual loss? Selected Answer: B. Macular degeneration Correct Answer: B. Macular degeneration • Question 64 1 out of 1 points Bone is unique in that it does not create scar tissue as it heals, instead new bone in created. Which statement correctly describes a step in this process Selected Answer: D. Callus replacement is performed by osteoblast cells Correct Answer: D. Callus replacement is performed by osteoblast cells • Question 65 1 out of 1 points Six weeks ago a female patient suffered a T6 spinal cord injury. She then developed a blood pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia. What does the NP suspect the patient is experiencing? Selected Answer: D. Autonomic dysreflexia Correct Answer: D. Autonomic dysreflexia • Question 66 1 out of 1 points A 36-year-old complains of pain and weakness in the elbow. He reports that he is a warehouse worker and lifts boxes daily. MRI reveals inflammation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon where it attaches to the bone. This condition is called: Selected Answer: D. Epicondylitis Correct Answer: D. Epicondylitis • Question 67 1 out of 1 points A 46-year-old male present with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of within the synovial fluid. Selected Answer: C. Uric acid Correct Answer: C. Uric acid • Question 68 1 out of 1 points A 45-year-old male is diagnosed Lichen planus. The NP knows that this disorder is a result of and results in lesions that are . Selected Answer: A. Autoinflammation; papular and violet-colored Correct Answer: A. Autoinflammation; papular and violet-colored • Question 69 1 out of 1 points A 51-year-old is seen in the ER with a complaint of a unilateral h/a, associated with n/v, and photophobia. The most likely diagnosis is headache. Selected Answer: D. Migraine Correct Answer: D. Migraine • Question 70 0 out of 1 points A 70 year-old female presents with pain over her lateral hip. She has been diagnosed with greater trochanter bursitis. The practitioner knows that this is: Selected Answer: C. Inflammation of the ligament as it attaches to the greater trochanter bony prominence Correct Answer: A. Inflammation of the of sac lined with synovial membrane which overlies a bony prominence • Question 71 1 out of 1 points The NP knows that thermal, sharp, and localized pain is carried by which primary-order neurons in relation to the neuroanatomy of pain? Selected Answer: B. Myelinated A - delta fibers Correct Answer: B. Myelinated A - delta fibers • Question 72 0 out of 1 points Which statement by a patient indicates teaching was successful regarding myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis results from: Selected Answer: B. Atrophy of the motor neurons in the spinal cord Correct Answer: D. Autoimmune injury at the neuromuscular junction • Question 73 1 out of 1 points When a patient asks, “What is the cause of multiple sclerosis?” how should the NP reply? The cause of MS seems to be an interaction between: Selected Answer: C. Autoimmunity and genetic susceptibility Correct Answer: C. Autoimmunity and genetic susceptibility • Question 74 1 out of 1 points Most dysphasias are associated with a CVA involving which cerebral artery? Selected Answer: D. Middle cerebral Correct Answer: D. Middle cerebral • Question 75 0 out of 1 points A neuro intensivist states that the patient has vasogenic edema. The NP realizes vasogenic edema is clinically important because: Selected Answer: B. Intracranial pressure (ICP) is excessively high Correct Answer: D. The blood-brain barrier is disrupted • Question 76 0 out of 1 points The provider knows that many proprioceptive alterations are related to disturbances . Selected Answer: A. In the cerebellum Correct Answer: C. In the inner or middle ear • Question 77 1 out of 1 points A 21-year-old female presents with low back pain and stiffness that is alleviated by physical activity. She was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The first joint to be affected would be the: Selected Answer: A. Sacroiliac Correct Answer: A. Sacroiliac • Question 78 1 out of 1 points A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms lasted 20 minutes and resolved with no evidence of infarction. The patient most likely experienced a(n): Selected Answer: C. Transient ischemic attack Correct Answer: C. Transient ischemic attack Wednesday, December 12, 2018 11:35:42 PM EST