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Sumario IB Physics SL Revision notes Chapter 7

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This document is a summary of the Chapter 7 for IB Physics SL. Atomic, nuclear and particle physics. This document together the other ones I offer will make you get a 7 in your final exam. You just need to understand these notes and PRACTICE past papers. I got a 7 in my May 21 exam.

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Chapter 7
Uploaded on
November 14, 2021
Number of pages
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Written in
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T 7 FÍSICA ATÓMICAFÍSICA NUCLEAR Y FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS

Laenergíaes discretaTienedistintosnivelesdeenergía va asaltos

71 ESTRUCTURA ATOMICA
Unátomo consta de partículas subatómicas PROTONESNEUTRONES ELECTRONES
Alrededor delnúcleo y
hay orbitales atómicos donde pueden residirlos electrones Cadaorbital
correspondea una cantidad X deenergía que un e necesita parapoder residir en
eseorbitalUn e puede ganar perderenergía al absorver emitir un fotón
e en estado fundamental e energizado salta a una e vuelve a suestado
absorve un fotón órbita mas amplia fundamental
y emite un fotón

t


I
Aspectosdeemisión absorción
y
Emisión Soloemiteluzcuando losfotones están a X longitud deonda




Absorción El colorquenoveses elque no se absorte y porlotanto seemite

, FOTÓNUnapartícula portadora de laenergíadela luz Lacantidadde energía fotónicaabsorbid
emitida es igual a la diferencia entredosnivelesde electrones


E p f KY
C
Laluzpuedeactuarcomoondaycomo partícula
3
Frecuencia
Íconstante Plank
de
Distintos nivelesdeenergía

Emisióndefotones De lacapaexterior la capa interior
Absorcióndeenergía subesdecapa
Mas fuerza de atracción en un nivelmasbajo
En
Es
deon
Nivelesexcitadosdistintaslongitudes
Ea

EsLomasestablemenosenergíaMínimo
niveldeenergíaposible

Energíade ionizaciónPasardeun estadofundamental aAtestado MÁS excitadoquesepuedeestar

7 2 ESTRUCTURA NUCLEAR
NUCLEÓN Puede tanto
ser un NEUTRONcomoun PROTON
NUCLEIDO Esunnúcleoconun numeroespecíficode PROTONES yNEUTRONES
Massico
NUMERO
de
numero nucleónprotonesneutrones
A

Z
µ ELEMENTO

NUMEROATOMICO
de
numero protones nielectrones
ISÓTOPOS Sonvariantes delmismo elemento químicocandiferentenumerode NEUTRONES
Ej He11 salte

FUERZASFUNDAMENTALES YSUSPRCPIEDADES
1FuerzaElectromagnética Afectaacualquier partículacancargaeléctricaSecalculaleydeCoulomb
Tienerango infinito
2FuerzaNuclearDébil Mantiene Unidos alosquarks
3FuerzaNuclearFuerteFuerzaatractivaquemantieneunidosalosprotones protones y alos
neutrones neutrones teoríaserepelen en el núcleo
que en
4FuerzaGravitacional Fuerzadeatracción entredosmasasRango infinito
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