NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology midterm

NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Midterm Exam Review | Rated A Study Guide |Chamberlain College 1. Which of the following is the most prudent first-line treatment choice for an otherwise well toddler with AOM who requires antimicrobial therapy? A. ceftibuten B. amoxicillin C. cefuroxime D. azithromycin 2. Most AOM is caused by: A. certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and select respiratory viruses. B. atypical bacteria and pathogenic fungi. C. rhinovirus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. D. predominately beta-lactamase-producing organisms 3. The incidence of AOM in children has decreased in the past decade in part because of: A. earlier detection and treatment B. more effective treatment options C. an increase in select vaccination use D. lower rates of viral infections 4. Which of the following represents the best choice of clinical agents for a child with AOM who has had a history of penicillin allergy who requires antimicrobial therapy? A. ciprofloxacin B. cefdinir C. amoxicillin D. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) 5. Which of the following does not represent a risk factor for recurrent AOM in younger children? A. pacifier use after age 10 months B. history of first episode of AOM before age 3 months C. exposure to secondhand smoke D. beta-lactam allergy 6. The main risk factor for AOM in infants is: A. undiagnosed dairy allergy B. eustachian tube dysfunction C. cigarette smoke exposure D. use of soy-based infant formula 7. In the treatment of AOM in the child, which of the following antimicrobial agents affords the most effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae? A. nitrofurantoin B. cefixime C. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) D. cefuroxime 8. A 3-year-old boy with AOM continues to have otalgia and fever (>39 C) after 3 days of amoxicillin 80 mg/kg/day with an appropriate dose of clavulanate (Augmentin) therapy. Which of the following is recommended? A. Watch and wait while using analgesics B. Start antimicrobial therapy with oral azithromycin C. Initiate therapy with oral clindamycin D. Administer intramuscular ceftriaxone 9. Which of the following must be present for the diagnosis of AOM? More than one can apply. A. bulging of the tympanic membrane (TM) B. TM retraction C. otalgia D. anterior cervical lymphadenopathy 10. Which of the following signs indicated possible AOM diagnosis in a preverbal child? A. loss of appetite B. colic C. tugging on the ear D. fever 11. Which of the following is usually absent in otitis media with effusion (OME)? A. fluid in the middle ear B. otalgia C. fever D. itch 12. Which of the following criteria should be met for a child to be treated for AOM with observation and analgesia but no antimicrobial therapy? (Choose all that apply). A. age greater than 6 months B. bilateral infection C. nonsevere illness D. presumptively caused by bacterial infection 13. Treatment of otitis media with effusion usually includes: A. symptomatic therapy B. antimicrobial therapy C. an antihistamine D. a mucolytic 14. Characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis include: A. high rate of beta-lactamase production B. antimicrobial resistance because of altered protein binding sites C. difficult to eradicate even with antimicrobial therapy D. gram-positive organism